PRIMATES. 
11 
bones, collectively called the carpus (c/>), and succeeded first by 
the metacarpah (pmc), or palm-bones, and then by plialanyes 
(joA), or finger-bones, usually three to each properly developed 
finger. 
The posterior girdle or pelvis {pv) is comparatively strong 
and rigid, firmly attached to the sacral part of the backbone. 
Originally it consists of three distinct bones on each side — the 
ilium (il), ischium {i sell) , pubis corresponding, the first 
to the scapula, and the two latter together to the coracoid ; but 
these soon unite so completely as to form a single bone. 
The hind-limbs consist of a similar set of bones to those of 
the anterior pair, viz. the femur {fm\ or thigh-bone, corre- 
sponding to the humerus, followed by the tibia [tb') and fibula 
(fb), or shin-bones, representing the radius and ulna ; the 
tarsus (ts'), or ankle-bones, corresponding to the carpus, and 
the metatarsals (w) and toe-bones [pli) to the metacarpals and 
fin oer- bones. 
The digits never exceed five in number on each limb, and are 
often less numerous, being in some cases, as in the Horse-group, 
reduced to one. 
Order I. PRIMATES. 
(Upper Gallery, Cases 1 to 9, and I to IV.) 
The Primates consist of Man, Monkeys, and Lemurs. The 
Monkeys most nearly allied to Man are the so-called Man-like 
Apes (the Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Orang-utan, and Gibbons), 
which in many points of their internal structure approach 
more nearly to Man than to other Monkeys, though their re- 
semblance to him, both in osteological and external characters, 
is far greater in their infancy than after they have attained 
maturity. 
The Primates, in their osteological characters, are dis- 
tinguished from other Mammals by the eye-socket, or orbit, 
being surrounded by a bony plate ; by having clavicles or collar- 
bones ; by the presence, with few exceptions, of five digits on 
each extremity — the thumb being sometimes, and the great toe 
