ANT-BEARS. 
103 
South America, many belonging to existing genera. The case 
contains a few bones and illustrations of the extinct South 
American family Glyptodontidce (1389 to 1391 ), some of the 
members of which were of gigantic size, while all had the 
bony shield continuous throughout. Numerous specimens are 
exhibited in the Palaeontological Gallery. 
Of the Old-World Edentates, the Scaly Anteaters, or Pan- [Case 33.] 
golins, Manidce (1362 to 1368 ), are characterized oy their want 
of teeth, elongated skulls (which are without cheek-arches), 
slender jaws, and long powerful tails, of which the vertebrae, 
numbering from 28 to 46, are provided with large chevron- 
bones. The breast-bone is produced backwards nearly to the 
pelvis, and the retracting muscles of the tongue are attached to 
its hind part. There are no clavicles. Pangolins, with their 
long scaly bodies and tails, and their short legs, look more like 
Reptiles than Mammals. Like the Anteaters they are tooth- 
less, and they likewise feed on ants, which they catch with their 
tongues. The scales may be looked upon as hairs, or rather 
spines, enormously enlarged and dilated. Their long, strong, 
and broad tails form part of the protective armour when they 
coil themselves up into balls like Armadillos, and are used 
as supports in climbing the trunk of a tree. Some species 
rest themselves on the tail, which is pressed to a trunk, whilst 
the body is thrown backwards and assumes the appearance 
of a projecting broken branch, as in Manis tricuspis ( 1363 , 
fig. 56). In order to keep their claws sharp, they walk with 
them closed up against the palms of the feet, the backs only of 
the toes touching the ground. There are seven species of 
Pangolins, four African and three Asiatic, the largest being 
the West and Central African Giant Pangolin, M. gigantea 
( 1365 ). 
The Ant-Bears, or Aard-Varks, Orycteropus ( 1369 , fig. 57), [Case 33.] 
are natives of Africa, and strikingly different from all other 
Edentates. They represent a distinct family, the Oryctero- 
podidce, and are distinguished externally by their long, low, 
hair-covered bodies, long snouts and tongues, large ears, stout 
powerful tails, and short thick limbs. They have four toes on 
the front and five on the hind-feet, all modified for digging, 
