VI 
CONTENTS 
3 Recent Developments in The Ethical and Policy Debates 53 
I. The Nature of the Moral Argument 54 
II. The Moral Aims OF Policy 58 
A. The Importance of Relieving Suffering 58 
B. Freedom TO Conduct Research 60 
C . The Moral Standing of Human Embryos 62 
III. The Character of the Policy 63 
A. Arbitrary 63 
B. Unsustainable 64 
C. Inconsistent 67 
IV. The Moral Standing of Human Embryos 74 
A. Continuity and Discontinuity 75 
1. The Case FOR Continuity. 76 
2. The Case for Meaningful Discontinuity and 
Developing Moral Status. 78 
B. Special Cases and Exceptions 83 
1. IVF ''Spares.'' 84 
2. Natural Embryo Loss. 87 
3. Prediction of Non- Viability of Embryos. 89 
4. Crea tion of Non- Viable Embr yo-Like 
Artifacts. 90 
V. Societal Significance and Public Responsibility 93 
VI. Conclusion 96 
Endnotes 98 
4 Recent Developments in Stem-Cell Research and Therapy 1 09 
I. Stem Cells and Their Derivatives 1 10 
II . Reproducible Results Using Stem Cell Preparations 
AND Their Derivatives 115 
A. Initial Stem Cell Preparations Can 
Contain Multiple Cell Types 116 
B. Genetically Homogeneous Stem Cells 
through Single Cell Cloning 1 17 
C. Expansion IN Vitro, Preservation, 
and Storage 117 
D. Chromosome Changes 118 
PRE -PUBLICATION VERSION 
