100 
Ethical and Policy Developments 
See, for instance, Brickley, P., “Scientists Seek Passports to Freer Environments," 
The Scientist 15:36 (2001). 
See, for instance, Weissman, I., “Stem Cells — Scientific, Medical and Political Is- 
sues," New England Journal of Medicine 346(20): 1578-1579 (2002). 
^ See, for instance, Weise, E., “USA’s Stem Cell Scientists Fear a Research Brain- 
Drain," USA Today, May 12, 2003, p. 6D. 
Clark, J., “Squandering Our Technological Future," The New York Times, August 30, 
2001, p. A19. See also the presentation of Thomas Okarma, President and CEO of 
Geron Corporation, before the Council on September 4, 2003. The full transcript of 
Okarma’ s presentation may be found on the Council’s v^ebsite at v7ww.bioethics.gov. 
Robertson, J., “Crossing the Ethical Chasm: Embryo Status and Moral Complicity," 
American Journal of Bioethics 2(1): 33 (2002). 
See, for instance, Pizzo, P., “Remove Obstacles to Stem cell research,” San Jose Mer- 
cury-News, June 19, 2003; and Holden, C. and Vogel, G., ’’’Show Us the Cells’ U.S. 
Researchers Say," Science 297: 923 (2002). 
The most notable discussion of safety concerns has been Dawson, L., et al., “Safety 
Issues in Cell-Based Intervention Trials" Fertility and Sterility 80: 5, 1077-1085, 2003. 
We must note, however, that the assessment of the subject presented in that article 
relies upon the assumption that “all of [the approved] lines were derived using mouse 
feeder layers." (p. 1078). In his presentation before the Council on September 4, 2003, 
NIH Director Elias Zerhouni flatly contradicted this assertion, telling the Council that 
“there are at least those, which is about 16 lines, I believe, that have not been exposed 
to either mouse or human cell — human feeder cell lines." (The transcript of Zerhouni’ s 
presentation is available on the Council’s website at www.bioethics.gov.) Those eligi- 
ble unexposed lines, however, are not presently among the lines available to research- 
ers, and it cannot be known in advance if or when they might become available or 
whether they will prove useable. In addition, the FDA has stated that even in the case 
of those lines that were developed with mouse feeders, "FDA does not intend that the 
agency’s regiilation of xenotransplantation will preclude the use of these hES cell 
lines." (Food and Drug Administration, “Guidance for Industry - Source Animal, Prod- 
uct, Preclinical, and Clinical Issues Concerning Use of Xenotransplantation Products in 
Humans," April 3, 2003.) FDA Commissioner Mark McClellan also made that clear in 
his presentation before the Council, available at the Council’s website. 
^ Faden, et al., “Public Stem Cell Banks: Considerations of Justice in Stem Cell Re- 
search and Therapy" Hastings Center Report 33:6 (2003). 
See, for instance, Capron, A., "Stem Cell Politics: The New Shape to the Road 
Ahead," American Journal of Bioethics 2(1): 35-36 (2002). 
^ Robertson, J., op. cit., pp. 33-34. 
See, for instance, the testimony of HHS Secretary Tonuny Thompson before the Sen- 
ate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, September 5, 2001; and Lefko- 
witz, J., "The Facts on Stem Cells," The Washington Post, October 30, 2003, p. A23. 
^ Brownstein, R., "Bush Won’t Budge on Stem Cell Position, Health Secreteuy Says," 
Los Angeles Times, August 13, 2001, p. A9. 
PRE-PUBLICATION VERSION 
