102 
Ethical and Policy Developments 
Kass. A transcript of that session is available on the Council's website at 
www.bioethics.gov. 
Bush, G.W., "Stem Cell Science and the Preservation of Life," The New York Times, 
August 12, 2001, p. D13. 
"Remarks by President George W. Bush on Stem Cell Research," as made available 
by the White House Press Office, August 9, 2001. 
See, for instance. Council discussion on September 4, 2003 (particularly the com- 
ments of Council member Michael Sandel and invited guest Peter Berkowitz in that 
discussion). A transcript of that session is available on the Council's website at 
WWW .bioethics .gov. 
"Remarks by President George W. Bush on Stem Cell Research," as made available 
by the White House Press Office, August 9, 2001. 
See, for instance. Council discussion on September 4, 2003 (particularly the com- 
ments of Council Members Charles Krauthammer and James Wilson in that discus- 
sion). A transcript of that session is available on the Council's website at 
www.bioethics.gov. 
For instance, in discussing research on cloned human embryos. President Bush said, 
"Research cloning would contradict the most fundamental principle of medical ethics, 
that no human life should be exploited or extinguished for the benefit of another. Yet a 
law permitting research cloning, while forbidding the birth of a cloned child, would 
require the destruction of nascent human life." ("Remarks by the President on Human 
Cloning Legislation," as made available by the White House Press Office, April 10, 
2002): and in explaining his stem cell funding policy, the President wrote: "While it is 
unethical to end life in medical research, it is ethical to benefit from research where 
life and death decisions have already been made." (Bush, G.W., "Stem Cell Science 
and the Preservation of Life," The New York Times, August 12, 2001, p. D13.) 
As noted previously, in August of 2001 Health and Human Services Secretary 
Tommy Thompson told reporters that “neither unexpected scientific breakthroughs 
nor unanticipated research problems would cause Bush to reconsider." (See, Brown- 
stein, R., “Bush Won't Budge on Stem Cell Position, Health Secretary Says," Los Ange- 
les Times, August 13, 2001, p. A9). 
One useful account of these issues is Cohen, E., “Of Embryos and Empire," The New 
Atlantis 2: 3-16 (2003). 
See, for instance, London, A., "Embryos, Stem Cells, and the 'Strategic' Element of 
Public Moral Reasoning," American Journal of Bioethics 2(1): 56 (2002). 
For examples of this way of proceeding — both in arguments supporting embryo 
research, and arguments opposing it — see, among numerous other sources, the Coun- 
cil's July 2002 report, Human Cloning and Human Dignity: An Ethical Inquiry, Chapter 
6 . 
See, for instance, McCartney, J., "Embryonic Stem cell research and Respect for 
Human Life: Philosophical and Legal Reflections," Albany Law Review 65: 597-624 
( 2002 ). 
PRE-PUBLICATION VERSION 
