280 
Monitoring Stem Cell Research 
reviews progress in human ES cell research in the wake of that 
decision. 
Human ES Cell Publication Summary 
Since their initial derivation, only a limited number of 
independent (i.e., derived from different embryos) human ES cell 
lines that meet President Bush’s criteria have been used in published 
research. Just nine human ES cell lines meeting President Bush's 
criteria are currently listed by the National Institutes of Health as 
readily available for distribution to investigators. Despite limited 
availability to date, research with human ES cells is proceeding. 
Forty human ES cell primary research papers have been published in 
peer-reviewed journals since the initial publication of human ES cell 
isolation in 1998 (Table 1). Published human ES cell research 
includes studies on the optimization of the culture environment, 
characterization of human ES cells, modification of the ES cell 
genome, and differentiation. 
Table 1. Human ES Cell Research Publications 
Area of interest 
Publications 
to date 
Reference (s) 
Derivation 
5 
11-5] 
Culture Optimization 
6 
[6-111 
Feeder Layer 
Altema lives /Replacements 
4 
[6-91 
Media Analysis 
1 
[10] 
Freezing 
1 
in] 
Characterization 
5 
[12-16] 
Modification 
6 
[17-221 
Differentiation into multiple 
lineages 
3 
[23-251 
Differentiation into specific 
lineages 
15 
[26-40] 
Neural 
4 
[26-29] 
Cardiac 
5 
[30-34] 
Endothelial (Vascular) 
1 
[35] 
Hematopoietic (Blood) 
2 
[36, 37] 
Pancreatic (Islet-like) 
1 
[38] 
Hepatic (liver) 
1 
[39] 
Trophoblast 
1 
[40] 
PRE -PUBLICATION VERSION 
