32 • Impacts of Applied Genetics— Micro-Organisms, Plants, and Animals 
Figure 6.— Chromosomes 
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Photo credit: Professor Judith Lengyei, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA 
Optical micrograph of chromosomal material from the salivary gland of the larva of the 
common fruit fly, Drosophila rnelanogaster 
6b. In Step 1, the chromosome bodies are still uncondensed. 
In Steps 2 and 3, the chromosomes condense into thread-like bodies and align themselves near the center of the cell. 
In Steps 4 and 5, the chromosomes begin to separate and are pulled to the opposite poles of the cell. 
In Step 6, the chromosomes return to an uncondensed state and the cell begins to constrict about the middle to form 
two new cells. 
SOURCE: Office of Technology Assessment. 
