chapter 1 
Page 
Hiotechnology 4 
The Pharmaceutical industry 4 
Findings 4 
The Chemical Industry 7 
Findings 7 
Food processing industry 8 
Findings 8 
The Use of Genetically Engineered Micro- 
Organisms in the Environment 8 
Findings 8 
Mineral Leaching and Recovery 9 
Enhanced Oil Recovery 9 
Pollution Control 9 
Constraints in Using Genetic Engineering 
Technologies in Open Environments 10 
Issue and Options— Biotechnology 10 
Agriculture 11 
The Applications of Genetics to Plants 11 
Findings 11 
New Genetic Technologies for Plant Breeding 12 
Constraints on Using Molecular Genetics 
for Plant Improvements 13 
Genetic Variability, Crop Vulnerability, and 
the Storage of Germplasm 13 
Issues and Options— Plants 14 
Advances in Reproductive Biology and Their 
Effects on Animal Improvement 15 
Page 
Findings 15 
Issue and Options— Animals 17 
Institutions and Society 18 
Regulation of Genetic Engineering 18 
Findings 18 
Issue and Options— Regulation 20 
Patenting Living Organisms 22 
Findings 22 
Issue and Options— Patenting Living Organisms 23 
Genetics and Society 24 
Issues and Options— Genetics and Society 24 
Table 
Table No. Page 
1. Containment Recommended by the National 
Institutes of Health 19 
Figures 
Figure No. Page 
1. Recombinant DNA; The Technique of 
flecombining Genes From One Species With 
Those From Another 5 
2. The Product Development Process 8 
3. The Way the Reproductive Technologies 
Interrelate 16 
