Ch. 4— The Pharmaceutical Industry • 73 
Table 6.— Immunoassays 
Analgesics and narcotics 
Anileridine 
Antipyrine 
Codeine 
Etorphine 
Fentanyl 
Meperidine 
Methadone 
Morphine 
Pentazocine 
Antibiotics 
Amikacin 
Chloramphenicol 
Clindamycin 
Gentamicin 
Isoniazid 
Penicillin 
Sisomycin 
Tobramycin 
Anticonvulsants 
Clonazepam 
Phenytoin 
Primidone 
Anti-inflammatory agents 
Colchicine 
Indomethacin 
Phenyibutazone 
Antineoplastic agents 
Adriamycin 
Bleomycin 
Daunomycin 
Methotrexate 
Bronchodilators 
Theophylline 
Cardiovascular drugs 
Cardiac glycosides 
Acetylstrophanthidin 
Cedilanid 
Deslanoside 
Digitoxin 
Digoxin 
Gitoxin 
Hallucinogenic drugs 
Mescaline 
Tetrahydrocannabinol 
Hypoglycemic agents 
Butylbiguanide 
Glibenclamid 
Insecticides 
Aldrin 
DDT 
Dieldrin 
Malathion 
Narcotic antagonists 
Cyclazocine 
Naloxone 
Peptide hormones 
Angiotensin 
Anterior pituitary 
Bradykinin 
Gastric 
Hypothalamic 
Intestinal 
Pancreatic 
Parathyroid 
Posterior pituitary 
Thyroid (calcitonin) 
Plant hormones 
lndole-3-acetic acid 
Gibberelilic acid 
Polyamines 
Spermine 
Prostaglandins 
Sedatives and 
tranquilizers 
Barbituarates 
Barbital 
Pentobarbital 
Phenobarbital 
Chlordiazepoxide 
Chlorpromazine 
Desmethylimipramine 
Diazepam and 
N-desmethyIdiazepam 
Methyl digoxin 
Ouabain 
Proscillaridin 
Dihydroergotamine 
Propranolol 
Quinidine 
CNS stimulants 
Amphetamine 
Benzoyl ecgonine 
(cocaine metabolite) 
Methamphetamine 
Pimozide 
Diuretics 
Bumetanide 
Hallucinogenic drugs 
Bile acid conjugates 
Cholylglycine 
Cholyltaurine 
Catecholamines 
Epinephrine 
Norepinephrine 
Tyramine 
Fibrinopeptides 
Fibrinopeptide A 
Fibrinopeptide B 
Indolealkylamines 
Melatonin 
Serotonin 
Insect hormones 
Ecdysone 
Nucleosides and 
nucleotides 
Cyclic AMP 
Cyclic GMP 
N*-Dimethylguanosine 
7-Methylguanosine 
Pseudouridine 
Thymidine 
Glutethimide 
Methaqualone 
Steroid hormones 
Skeletal muscle relaxants 
d-Tubocurarine 
Synthetic peptides 
DDAVP 
Saralasin 
Synthetic steroids 
Anabolic steroids 
Trienbolone acetate 
Androgens 
Fluoxymesterone 
Estrogens 
Diethylstilbestrol 
Ethinylestradiol 
Mestranol 
Glucocorticoids 
Dexamethasone 
Methylprednisolone 
Prednisolone 
Prednisone 
Metyrapone 
Progestins 
Medroxyprogesterone 
acetate 
Norethindrone 
Norethisterone 
Norgestrel 
Toxins 
Aflatoxin B, 
Genistein 
Nicotine and metabolites 
Ochratoxin A 
Paralytic shellfish poison 
Thyroid hormones 
Thyroxine 
Triodothyronine 
Vitamins 
Vitamin B 12 
Vitamin D 
SOURCE: "Immunoassays of Drugs— Comprehensive Immunology." Immunal Pharmacology. Hadden Caffey (ed.)(New York: Plenum Press, 1977), p. 325. 
proenzymes, which are converted to active en- 
zymes in the body when needed. The most com- 
mon agents are called Factor \TII and Factor IX, 
which are found in serum albumin and are cur- 
rently extracted from human blood plasma. 
Hemophilia .A and Hemophilia B— accounting for 
over 90 percent of all major bleeding disor- 
ders— are characterized by a deficiency of these 
factors. Supplies of the proenz\anes will exceed 
demand w ell beyond 1980 if the harvesting and 
processing of plasma continues as it has. Never- 
theless, the risk of hepatitis associated with the 
use of human plasma-derived products is ex- 
tremely high. One recent study found chronic 
hepatitis in a significant percentage of asymp- 
tomatic patients treated with Factor VIII and 
Factor IX. 
The plasma fractionation industry, which 
produces the proenzymes, is currently faced 
with excess capacity, intense competition, high 
plasma costs, and tight profit margins.® The cost 
and availability of any one plasma protein is 
=For details of the factors governing the industry, see footnote 1, 
p. 69. 
