Ch. 5— The Chemical Industry • 103 
Table 19.— U.S. Fermentation Companies 
Producers ol Baker’s yeast and food/feed yeast in 
the United States in 1977 
Baker’s yeast: 
American Yeast Co., Baltimore. Md. 
Anheuser-Busch, Inc., St. Louis, Mo. 
Federal Yeast Co. (now Diamond Shamrock), 
Baltimore. Md. 
Fleischmann Yeast Co., New York, N Y. 
Universal Foods Corp.. Milwaukee. Wis. 
Food/feed yeast: 
Amber Laboratories, Juneau, Wis. 
Amoco Foods Co.. Chicago, III. 
Boise-Cascade, Inc., Portland. Oreg. 
Diamond Mills. Inc.. Cedar Rapids, Iowa 
Fleischmann Yeast Co., New York. N Y, 
Lakes States Yeast Co., Rhinelander, Wis. 
Stauffer Chemical Co.. Westport. Conn, 
Enzyme producers, 1977 
Clinton Corn Processing Co., Clinton, Iowa 
Miles Laboratories, Inc., Elkhart. Ind. 
Premier Malt Products, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. 
SOURCE: Compiled by Perlman. American Society lor Microbiology News 43:2. 
1977, pp 82-89 
Since the chemicals considered above are 
ciirrenth- l)eiiif4 |)roduced, any new jobs in bio- 
tecbnolog^^' will displace the old ones in the 
chemical itidiistr\ . V\ betber the change will re- 
sult in a net loss or gain in the number of jobs is 
difficult to predict. Howe\er, a rough estimate 
indicates that appro.ximately the same number 
of workei's will be retjuired per unit of output. 
Kstimates of the number of workers are di- 
\ ided into: 1) workers directly iiwoh ed in the 
giowth of the organisms; and 2) workers in- 
\()l\ed in the '‘reco\ery” phase, where the 
organisms are bar\ ested and the chemical prod- 
uct is e.xtracted, pui'ified, and packaged. Based 
on industry data, the number of workei's in the 
fermeiitation phase is approximately 30 percent 
of the total, and those in reco\ erv approximate- 
ly 50 percent. Hence, about 9,000 to 22,500 
workers might he expected to hold jobs in the 
immediate fermentation area, and about 15,000 
to 37,500 workers would he in\'ol\ed in han- 
dling the production mediLim (with or without 
the oi'ganisms). 
Estimates of the number of totally new' jobs 
that would be created are highly speculative; 
they should allow for estimates of increases in 
the quantity of chemicals currently being pro- 
duced and the production of totally new com- 
pounds. According to estimates by Genex, the 
new and growth markets may reach $26 billion 
by the year 2000, which would add 52,000 to 
130,000 jobs to tbe present number. 
