chapter 7 
Page 
Mineral Leaching and Recovery 117 
Microbial Leaching 117 
Applied Genetics in Strain Improvement 118 
Metal Recovery 118 
Oil Recovery 119 
Enhanced Oil Recovery 119 
Microbial Production of Chemicals Used 
in EOR 120 
In Situ Use of Micro-Organisms 121 
EOR and Genetic Engineering 122 
Constraints to Applying Genetic 
Engineering Technologies in EOR 122 
Genetic Engineering of Micro-Organisms 
for Use in Other Aspects of Oil Recovery 
and Treatment 123 
Overview of Genetic Engineering in Mining 
and Oil Recovery 123 
Page 
Pollution Control 123 
Enhancing Existing Microbial Degradation 
Activity 124 
Adding Microbes to Clean Up Pollution 124 
Commercial Applications— Market Size and 
Prospects 125 
Genetic Research in Pollution Control 126 
Federal Research Support for Engineering 
Microbes to Detoxify Hazardous Substances . 127 
Summary 127 
Issue and Options— Biotechnology 128 
Figure 
Figure No. Page 
27. Chemical Flooding Process 120 
