chapter 12 
Page 
A Landmark Decision 237 
Legal Protection of Inventions 237 
Trade Secrets 237 
Patents 238 
Living Organisms 239 
The Chakrabarty Case 240 
Potential Impacts of the Decision and 
Related Policy Issues 242 
Impacts on Industry 242 
The Relationship Between Patents and 
Innovation 242 
The Advantages of Patenting Living 
Organisms 243 
Patent V. Trade Secret Protection 245 
Impact of the Court's Decision on the 
Biotechnology Industry 246 
Impacts of the Court’s Decision on the Patent 
Law and the Patent and Trademark Office . . 246 
Impact of the Court’s Decision on Academic 
Research 248 
Impacts of the Court’s Decision on Genetic 
Diversity and the Food Supply 249 
The Morality of Patenting Living Organisms. . . 250 
Private Ownership of Inventions From 
Publicly Funded Research 250 
Issue and Options 252 
