282 • Impacts of Applied Genetics— Micro-Organisms, Plants, and Animals 
Table l-B-16.— Enzymes: Technical Information 
Is precursor 
Time to implement 
renewable/non- 
Alternate 
commercial fermentation by 
Typical synthetic 
renewable 
precursor by 
genetically engineered 
Compound 
process 
Typical precursor 
limited 
fermentation 
strain 
a-amylase 
fermentation 
molasses 
renewable 
— 
5 yrs. 
Amyloglucosidase 
fermentation 
molasses 
renewable 
— 
5 yrs. 
Asparaginase .... 
extraction 
tissue culture 
renewable 
glucose 
and NH/ 
5 yrs. 
Bacillus protease. 
Ethanol 
fermentation 
molasses 
renewable 
— 
5 yrs. 
dehydrogenase 
(Information not available) 
glucose 
and NH."" 
10 yrs. 
Glucose 
isomerase 
fermentation 
glucose 
and NH/3 
renewable 
5 yrs. 
Glucose oxidase . 
fermentation 
molasses 
renewable 
— 
5 yrs. 
Hydrogenase .... 
(Information not available) 
glucose 
and NH 4 " 
10 yrs. 
Papain 
extraction 
papaya 
renewable 
glucose 
and NH-^ 
5 yrs. 
Pepsin 
fermentation 
molasses 
renewable 
— 
5 yrs. 
Rennin 
fermentation 
molasses 
renewable 
— 
5 yrs. 
Tyrosine 
extraction 
tissue culture 
renewable 
glucose 
and NH/ 
5 yrs. 
Urokinase 
extraction 
tissue culture 
renewable 
glucose 
5 yrs. 
^Ammonium ion. 
SOURCE: Compiled by Cenex Corp. from data in references 4, 5, 13, 14. 16, 17, and 18. 
Table l-B-1 7.— Steroid Hormones: Market 
Information 
Current market data 
Market 
volume Bulk cost Market value 
Compound 1,000 lb $/lb ($ millions) 
Corticoids 305.8 
Cortisone N/A 208.84 N/A 
Prednisone N/A 467.62 N/A 
Prenisolone N/A 463.08 N/A 
Aldosterone N/A N/A N/A 
Androgens 10.8 
Testosterone .... (Information not available) 
Estrogens 60.2 
Estradiol (Information not available) 
SOURCE: Compiled by Cenex Corp. from data in references 1 and 4. 
