284 • Impacts of Applied Genetics — Micro-Organisms, Plants, and Animals 
Table l-B-20.— Peptide Hormones; Technical Information 
Compound 
Typical synthetic 
process 
Typical precursor 
Is precursor 
renewable/non- 
renewable 
limited 
Alternate 
precursor by 
fermentation 
Time to implement 
commercial fermentation by 
genetically engineered 
strain 
ACTHa 
Bovine growth 
extraction 
adrenal cortex 
limited 
glucose 
and 
5yrs. 
hormone 
extraction 
anterior pituitary 
limited 
glucose 
and NH**" 
5yrs. 
Endorphins 
extraction 
brain 
limited 
glucose 
and NH 4 ^ 
5yrs. 
Enkephalins . . . . 
extraction 
brain 
limited 
glucose 
and NH 4 " 
5yrs. 
Glucagon 
Human growth 
extraction 
pancreas 
limited 
glucose 
and NH/ 
5yrs. 
hormone 
extraction 
anterior pituitary 
limited 
glucose 
and NH 4 " 
5 yrs. 
Insulin 
Ovine growth 
extraction 
pancreas 
limited 
glucose 
and NH/ 
5yrs. 
hormone 
Porcine growth 
extraction 
anterior pituitary 
limited 
glucose 
and NH/ 
10 yrs. 
hormone 
extraction 
anterior pituitary 
limited 
glucose 
and NH 4 *^ 
10 yrs. 
Vasopressin . . . . 
extraction 
posterior pituitary 
limited 
glucose 
and NH/ 
5 yrs. 
^Adrenocorticotropic hormone, 
^Ammonium ion. 
SOURCE: Compiled by Cenex Corp. from data in references 4, 23, and 24. 
Table l•B-21.— Viral Antigens: Market Information 
Current market data 
Market 
volume Bulk cost Market value 
Compound 1,000 lb $/lb ($ millions) 
Avian leukemia 
virus (Information not available) 
Avian myeloblastosis 
virus (Information not available) 
Epstein-Barr virus 0.0 0.0 0.0 
Hepatitis virus .. . 0.0 0.0 0.0 
Herpesvirus 0.0 0.0 0.0 
Hoof and mouth 
disease virus .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 
Influenza virus . . . (Information not available) 
Reoviruses 0.0 0.0 0.0 
Rous sarcoma 
virus (Information not available) 
Rubella virus (Information not available) 
Varicella virus. . . . (Information not available) 
SOURCE: Compiled by Cenex Corp. from data in reference 4, 
