286 • Impacts of Applied Genetics— Micro-Organisms, Piants, and Animais 
Table l-B-24.— Short Peptides, Nucleotides, and Miscellaneous Proteins: Technical Information 
Is precursor 
Time to implement 
renewable/non- 
Alternate 
commercial fermentation by 
Typical synthetic 
renewable 
precursor by 
genetically engineered 
Product category 
process 
Typical precursor 
limited 
fermentation 
strain 
Short peptides^ 
Aspartame 
chemical 
phenylalanine & 
renewable 
glucose 
5 yrs. 
aspartic acid 
and 
Glycine-histidine- 
lysine 
extraction 
human serum 
renewable 
glucose 
and NH/ 
5yrs. 
Nucleotides’^ 
5’-IMPd 
extraction 
yeast 
renewable 
glucose 
and 
10 yrs. 
5’-GMPe 
extraction 
yeast 
renewable 
glucose 
and NH/ 
10 yrs. 
Miscellaneous proteins* 
Interferon 
extraction or 
leukocytes, 
renewable 
glucose 
5 yrs. 
tissue culture 
lymphoblasts, 
or fibroblasts 
and NH4+ 
Human serum 
albumin 
extraction 
human serum 
renewable 
glucose 
and NH/ 
5 yrs. 
Monoclonal 
antibodies 
somatic cell 
various cells 
renewable 
glucose 
10 yrs. 
hybridization 
and NH/ 
®Data from references 4 and 27, 
^Ammonium ion. 
‘"Data from references 4 and 28. 
'^S'-inosinic acid. 
®5'-guanyiic acid. 
*Data from reference 4. 
SOURCE: Complied by Genex Corp. 
Table l-B-25.— Antibiotics, Gene Preparations, and 
Pesticides: Market Information 
Current market data 
Product category 
Market 
volume 
1,0001b 
Bulk cost 
$/lb 
Market value 
($ millions) 
Antibiotics^ 
Peniciilins 
49,300 
22.11 
1,080.0 
Tetracyclines 
29,300 
34.13 
1,000.0 
Cephalosporins . . 
4,210 
114.00 
480.0 
Erythromycins . . . 
(Information not available) 
Gene preparations*> 
Sickle cell anemia 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
Hemophilias 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
Thallasemias .... 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
Pesticides’^ 
Microbiai 
N/A 
N/A 
25.0 
Aromatics 
N/A 
N/A 
75.0 
®Data from references 4, 28, and 9. 
^Data from references 4 and 29. 
'"Data from references 4 and 30. 
SOURCE: Compiled by Genex Corp. 
