Appendix l-B — A Timetable for the Commercial Production of Compounds • 287 
Table l-B-26.— Antibiotics, Gene Preparations, and Pesticides: Technical Information 
Is precursor 
Time to implement 
renewable/non- 
Alternate 
commercial fermentation by 
Typical synthetic 
renewable 
precursor by 
genetically engineered 
Product category 
process 
Typical precursor 
limited 
fermentation 
strain 
Antibiotics^ 
Penicillins 
fermentation 
lactose & 
limited 
10 yrs. 
semisynthetic 
nitrogenous oils 
Tetracyclines .... 
fermentation 
lactose & 
limited 
— 
lOyrs. 
nitrogenous oils 
Cephalosporins . . 
fermentation 
lactose & 
limited 
— 
10 yrs. 
nitrogenous oils 
Erythromycins . . . 
fermentation 
lactose & 
limited 
— 
10 yrs. 
nitrogenous oils 
Gene preprations‘> 
Sickle cell anemia 
(No process exists 
glucose 
15 yrs. 
currently) 
and NH/'^ 
Hemophilias 
(No process exists 
glucose 
20 yrs. 
currently) 
and NH4^ 
Thallasemias .... 
(No process exists 
glucose 
20 yrs. 
currently) 
and NH/ 
Pesticides’^ 
Microbial 
fermentation 
molasses & 
renewable 
5 yrs. 
fishmeal 
Aromatics 
semisynthetic 
naphthalene 
nonrenewable 
— 
10 yrs. 
^Data from references 4. 5, 28, 31. and 32. •'Data from references 4 and 30. 
^Data from reference 4. •'Ammonium ion. 
SOURCE. Compiled by Cenex Corp. 
Table I B-27.— Aliphatics: Market Information 
Current market data 
Compound 
Market 
volume Bulk cost Market value 
1,0001b $/lb ($ millions) 
Acetic acid 
823,274 
0.23 
189.4 
Acrylic acid 
46,503 
0.43 
20.0 
Adipic acid 
181,097 
0.50 
90.5 
Bis (2-ethylehexyl) 
43,015 
0.49 
21.1 
adipate 
Citronellal 
394 
3.90 
1.5 
Citronellol 
1,443 
4.50 
6.5 
Ethanol 
1,048,000 
0.24 
251.5 
Ethanolamine. . . . 
320,236 
0.46 
147.3 
Ethyleneglycol .. 
3,137,000 
0.31 
972.5 
Ethylene oxide . . . 
525,113 
0.36 
189.0 
Geraniol 
2,307 
3.25 
7.5 
Glycerol 
116,612 
0.54 
63.0 
Isobutylene 
597,712 
0.95 
567.2 
Itaconic acid 
200 
0.83 
0.2 
Linalool 
3,341 
2.60 
8.7 
Linalyl acetate . . . 
1,535 
3.50 
5.4 
Methane 
878,000,000 
0.013 
11,573.0 
Nerol 
462 
4.20 
1.9 
Pentaerythritol . . . 
117,085 
0.62 
72.6 
Propionic acid . . . 
62,848 
0.21 
13.2 
Propylene glycol . 
525,527 
0.73 
173.4 
Sorbic acid 
20,000 
2.15 
43.0 
Sorbitol 
160,267 
0.36 
57.7 
a-terpineol 
2,416 
1.28 
3.0 
a-terpinyl acetate. 
1,066 
1.30 
1.4 
SOURCE: Compiled by Cenex Corp. from data in references 1 , 4, 9, and 33. 
