326 • Impacts of Applied Genetics — Micro-Organisms, Plants, and Animals 
XV. Countries in which the guidelines apply to all gene 
combinations constructed by cell-free methods, or 
only to molecules containing combinations of 
genes from different species: 
Molecules 
All gene com- containing 
binations con- combinations of 
structed by cell- genes from 
Country 
free methods 
different species 
Australia 
X 
Canada 
X 
Czechoslovakia . . . 
X 
German 
Democratic 
Republic 
X 
Federal Republic of 
Germany 
x^ 
Finland 
X 
France 
X 
Japan 
X 
Netherlands 
x» 
New Zealand 
X 
Norway 
X 
South Africa 
X 
Sweden 
X 
Switzerland 
X 
Taiwan 
X 
United Kingdom . . 
Xe 
United States .... 
X 
U.S.S.R 
X 
^Federal Republic of Germany Self-cloning experiments involving non- 
pathogenic donors and hosts shall be reported to ZKBS. 
^Netherlands "The definition of recombinant DNA has recently been 
modified and includes the insertion of chemically synthesized DNA mole- 
cules into a vector." 
^United Kingdom "The Group's provisional interpretation of their own re- 
mit is that they are concerned with work involving genetic manipulation, 
defined for these purposes as: the formation of new combinations of her- 
itable materials by the insertion of nucleic acid molecules, produced by 
whatever means outside the cell, into any virus, bacterial plasmid, or other 
vector system so as to allow their incorporation into a host organism in 
which they do not naturally occur but in which they are capable of con- 
tinued propagation." 
XVI.^ Countries in which the guidelines restrict the in- 
tentional dissemination into the environment of 
biological agents containing recombinant DNA: 
All respondents . . Yes^ 
Australia Not explicity so 
German 
Democratic 
Republic "Exceptions have to be discussed 
by tbe Committee and require 
special permission by the Minis- 
ter of Health.” 
New Zealand "Yes, with the approval of the 
National Committee." 
United Kingdom . . "The question has not arisen.” 
Other respondents No 
^Are there any circumstances under which such dissemination can be car- 
ried out? 
XVII. Countries in which the guidelines are restricted 
to recombinant DNA activities or also cover 
other areas of genetic e;<perimentation: 
Recombinant Other areas of 
Country 
DNA 
activities 
genetic 
experimentii 
Australia 
X‘> 
Bulgaria 
X 
Canada 
X'> 
Czechoslovakia . . . 
X 
German 
Democratic 
Republic 
X 
Federal Republic of 
Germany 
X 
Finland 
X 
France 
X 
Hungary 
X 
Japan 
X 
Netherlands 
X 
New Zealand 
X- 
Norway 
X 
South Africa 
X*' 
Sweden 
X 
Switzerland 
X 
United Kingdom . . 
X 
United States .... 
X 
U.S.S.R 
X 
^"Al pn*sen!. Ihe lerms ot rrlrriMirr o[ Ihr \(.ulrni\ C oiiiinilti**- 
only to in vitro f*xpi*rim(»nls li v . itir use ol n**»tri( fion rn/\ m« « .in<l 
An H(i hoc Academy Committer \s .ihout lo investif(.ile m \t\<> uihmiU 
lion, with the following terms of i elerem e 
1. Kxamine whether, other than !)v using the Iim fmi(|ur of in wfn» »» 
combinanl [)NA construction, new hyhrid nut U*k and mo)n iil« ^ f>« 
produced that an* potentially dangertius lo human'' animals oi pUnu 
In so doing, thi* committee should gn r pai ticular alleniHin to if>< f< dh 
ing possif)ilities: 
~ I he use of mixed infcM lions in\ oK ing human or aninul \ w i > nr ifu 
use of bacteria or fungi 
— rh(* introdiKiion of foreign D.NA into plants and thr ptiNfuiti -u 
new plant pathogens 
2. ('onsider whether there are n’l tain i lasM‘s of \iral paifu-*.* t v . ^ 
polio) on whii'h expi>rimentalion should not he < arnr<l out on • ' « ')• 
cial m*(‘d is de*monstrated 
*^ 'work with animal viruses and ( ells 
^' i.f*., (*ell fusion will) appnn al ol National ( onimilit**' 
^^ ’Olher closely relali'd areas are also * o\ i-r rd 
