',« jH 
. , .. rmrn ' " 
■' THB GU>? AT HOME AN0 . ABROAD"'! 
'And were the toysii gnmihHhfsf^ fUi niter 1620, md other hardts- % 
dating wished g«nsmith» ■^rn'i. *rott, . espedall>' ^^. 
trom' Btjjcay, wa» to %4| tpi%w|^in‘abfe./Bpanisli 
hem Hmo%m; ^tin aiid’ TOtai»e<l' 'diek' 
einmemie for more tha» 1^)4' - ^ SReaks of one Juan 
a?; hu’.vsi 5 '^ w«>rE<;cd, amonf?. ♦iJulaman.ca; he wa«i ta3|jou» 
Im 'U^d'i ming., 5>oriui3t* ‘■^^4 horre^^ and also^as-a 
0 / ^w^heel |odo4 ;^fOT,.ta m every part of 
xri'.^pet:. »aiado *3 pvipii .^^4 ' .ttiwir '3<mch«« .de MJrvena, 
t*.» .Philip DG improvir^ent m the forging of gi+-tr 
him'Hs. Cp ip lii« :a:^i ■«n*»4h«:a to have been to beat out a fha^ 
si.T’j maiwlril imtR its edges- mot, wb«s^^., 
rf'jHy 'ir^'r-*’ ,h«rt«f4 iot-ot*/or.#fid welded. I’hio eould not but leave a cOntinu:*? ' 
ojj:?s^«n“ o/, fUo.ng the whole length of tii^ barrel, Even the improv^v- 
rjisds-: by an overlap ol ihe nvo edges did mt entirely remove;;^the 
obJC'j?ion De iSlirvo.na was the first to forge barrels otherwise than' in a 
singl.e piece. Me nh aped six or seven' lumps, of iron according to the part: 
or the barre.l for wfdch w;lHX«KMhi3.'cRAJ^^ welded them one to the 
?;f,m rfoidi^g a flaw., appeared in ..^e, then^an.ot}ieT cooid be sub^ 
a?4to»* 
rwsfiKJtotja. diiViia?«^} niB#'au(i>£rr»'lniiz'W!rttlri)ti''W’bfte?9^b t® 
w Ue the best of *^elr day. The standard proof charge in hi pain at 
when dc Espmar v;rote was. a load of powder eqt|al to the weight oi me 
■ ■ bfcili. whlcja litted the calibre, and four times this -weight of shot; this proof 
■’ being repeated three times. The u-snai calibre at this time appearsTo have 
' heen 22 or 24, and the weight of -a barrel 4 f^t lojig at least 4| IhW'in the,_ 
esghteenth e^•^ni^■u’y, the Spanish g»urn.^a.kervt n ’H-ed the iron of the barrel 
.v<:u;vftr; '?hu«c g-^i.id.ng great streaph., 
■‘ 'r.b-. ivff im gun’r,n-nke;r« dse eighteenth centnryi 
la t-*:'''l'4. m told, ha,JI a century later,: 
v;: 4 ^ hin contemporaries, Juan Beien and 
as much as t#0O livrea, or £44; 
makers, both in Madrid and la 
-."/iiN, ; 'the best contemporary artists of' 
'.fvees, or over £13. The .barrels made , 
i •.?»«:.. fit -3*^^ ■ tkmtaml in other, countries, and*, 
The Frem'h guximakers wer# 
otbeiv rfr^-Orf*^=’ 
s(,f Ateo , 
Px- .' r ..' '■ ii, 
JUfcUi (d'' ' • ’ *»:■+< '■ 
Biz was f<oll<.tw9M fev ■:/-'•■ 
the ptovioceS; isi. 1. 
Madrid used to sell ' --•■■v 
by the Spanish majiKi 
' .tie trax"s?Jy en<»dgh, were *(.u A'^’ 
292 
