PALLAS’S TUR 
roughly speaking, about 6,000 feet, and I have shot some of my best 
heads quite 2,000 feet lower than this, where the covert is thick and the 
animal consequently difficult to spy and by no means easy to approach 
noiselessly. The Himalayan burhel, on the other hand, I have never 
seen below an elevation of 12,000 feet; in the summer time he goes a 
good deal higher still, so that there is no forest for him to take refuge in 
even if he wanted to. 
Prince Demidoff’s preserve at Lagodecki is a wonderful example of the 
effect of keeping ground free from the grazing of sheep and goats, as 
the place is now full of tur, where not many years ago there were com- 
paratively few. He has a shooting lodge down in the village of Lagodecki 
and a hut up near the timber line, from which I have seen numbers of these 
animals. When I was shooting there in 1907 his keeper had captured three 
young tur, which were subsequently sent to the Zoological Gardens in 
London, of which unfortunately only one now (1914) survives. It seems 
curious that this one has not developed the same horn growth in captivity 
as might be expected in a male of that age in a wild state. 
At the time of my visit the young ones were so tame that when the keeper 
used to stoop down they would jump on his back and stand there. 
The young of the goat tribe have a wonderful fondness for climbing 
on to anything they can, and I have seen two young ibex in Kashmir, which 
a sportsman had captured, whose favourite amusement was to climb 
on the top of his tent and balance themselves on the ridge pole. 
I have more than once seen several members of a band of tur squat 
down on their haunches like dogs while surveying the country from a 
point of vantage. I am not aware whether any other sort of mountain 
game does this, although I believe it has occasionally been observed 
amongst chamois. 
If hunting tur on the public ground, where sheep and goats are grazing, 
the shepherds’ dogs will be found a great nuisance ; they will come a long 
way to attack the innocent stranger and are the fiercest and most awe- 
inspiring brutes I have met anywhere ; many of them must have a strong 
dash of the wolf in their pedigree. 
How far west the true Capra cylindricornis extends has not yet been 
definitely ascertained, but they certainly exist up to the line of the Georgian 
post-road, which runs from Tiflis to Vladikavkaz, and from this neigh- 
bourhood some horns have been produced which may possibly be a cross 
between the tur of the Eastern and Western Caucasus. As yet, however, 
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