THE GUN AT HOME AND ABROAD 
The Northern Asian reindeer are abundant in all the coast and tundra 
lands from the point where the Urals touch the Arctic Ocean to Bering 
Straits. Reindeer are also found in a deteriorated form and in small 
numbers in nearly all the islands of the Arctic Sea. 
Reindeer extend from the Arctic littoral as far down as the forest zone. 
They are found in the mountains of South Siberia. On the Urals they go 
down as far as 52° N. lat., on the Altai to 49°, on the Sayan and Stanovoi 
chain to 53°, and in the Amur region they come to the mouth of the Ussuri 
under 49° N. lat. (Wright). In all the forest and mountain region north 
of this they are abundant in suitable localities, and are for the most part 
domesticated by the natives of Okhotsk, Kamchatka, the Stanovoi chain, 
the Verkoyansk, and the low hills near the north coast inhabited by the 
Koriaks. North of Vladivostok it has been estimated (Wright) that there 
were in 1903 no fewer than 190,608 reindeer. 
Reindeer are found both wild and domesticated in some numbers in 
the forest regions of the Upper Yenesei. In Chinese Siberia there are also 
numerous domesticated herds, and there are probably wild herds in the 
mountains. In the Busk Mountains of Tomsk in Siberia there is a new 
race of a distinct type which I will presently describe. Throughout the 
Central Altai Mountains there are said to be a few wild reindeer, but I have 
not seen specimens. In the land of the Tunguses reindeer are abundant and 
for the most part domesticated. The Tungus tribesmen range over immense 
distances with their riding reindeer, coming as far east as Baikal, west 
almost to Vladivostok, and north into Okhotsk, where they purchase the 
great reindeer of that country from the natives. Okhotsk has numbers of 
reindeer of a very large size, almost as big as T. r. osborni , and these 
are used as beasts of burden and for riding as frequently as the Russian 
ponies. There are also herds of wild reindeer, similar to the tame ones, 
on the mountains of Okhotsk. A similar reindeer of large size occurs in the 
mountains of Kamchatka and in the interior in the large chain of moun- 
tains stretching from the Aldan River north to the Verskoyansk Mountains. 
In the peninsula between the Kara Sea and the mouth of the Obi are 
thousands of domesticated and a few wild reindeer very similar to those 
inhabiting Kolguev and the Russian coast, being somewhat larger than 
the typical race. Those of the Taimur Peninsula and the tundras at the 
various mouths of the Lena are scarcely larger than the typical race of 
Northern Norway and their horns are also similar. Skins, however, will 
probably bear a closer resemblance to T. r. arcticus of North America. 
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