THE GUN AT HOME AND ABROAD 
T. r. sibiricus. — Head, shoulders, and upper parts somewhat paler 
than the typical race, chest and legs very dark. In the forest regions of 
the Yenesei the horns are thicker, straighter and shorter than those of the 
coastal regions. A somewhat larger animal than the European reindeer. 
Habitat: the Asiatic Urals, Tobolsk, the Yalmal and Taimur Peninsulas, 
the Upper Yenesei basin, probably as far as Irkutsk. The Soyotes of the 
Upper Yenesei ride these reindeer, whilst those of the coastal regions 
only use them for packing and draught purposes. They were found wild 
by Messrs Miller and Carruthers in the Upper Yenesei Mountains. About 
40 inches is the usual length of horns. I have a specimen from Yenesei 
49| inches. 
T. r. buskensis (sub-spec. nov.). — I have always expected to hear 
of wild reindeer in the region of the Syansk Mountains in Tomsk, and 
after several failures I obtained specimens from the Busk Mountains near 
Semipalatinsk in 1913. These represent quite a distinct race of reindeer, 
more closely allied to the reindeer of Newfoundland than any others I have 
compared them with. The skulls are short, massive, and, like specimens 
from Newfoundland, the horns are short, thick and much palmated. The 
best specimen is 35 inches in length and carries 24 points. The nasal 
apertures are, however, much smaller. Length of skull, 12 inches. 
Between zygomatic arches, 9 inches. 
T. r. yakutskensis (sub-spec. nov.). — This is the reindeer used by the 
Chunchuses throughout Yakutsk, Amur region and Transbaikal. It is a 
somewhat dark, heavy, thick-set animal, with rather short, thick and, 
as a rule, non-palmated horns. It bears the same relation to the reindeer 
of Okhotsk that T. r. montanus does to T. r. osborni. In Okhotsk this sub- 
species is also found, being introduced there by the Chunchuses, but does 
not breed with the large local race. 
T. r. phylarchus. — This is by far the largest reindeer in the Asiatic 
continent, being only slightly smaller than T. r. osborni of America and 
T. r. kolaensis of Russia. It is a very large, massive animal, capable of 
carrying a man of 14 stone. The horns are long and thick, but the brows 
and bays are sometimes well developed, whilst the tops are usually very 
heavy and furnished with long, irregular points. 
Habitat: Kamchatka and Okhotsk east of the Stanovoi Mountains. 
Numbers of these reindeer are wild in the interior of Kamchatka and 
Okhotsk. Mr Lance and Mr Scott, the only travellers who have recently 
penetrated there, have furnished me with photographs. 
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