THE CARIBOU 
muzzle and lower cheeks which are pale brown; anal portion, white; 
underparts grey or whitish; round the testes, white; the horns are exceed- 
ingly variable and seldom exceed 40 inches in length, though those of 
Southern Labrador reach 52 inches. The brows are very rarely doubly 
palmated, but there are a few examples known. There is usually a hooked 
point on one side and a very large palmation on the other side, with many 
points, notably in specimens from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and 
Southern Labrador. The “ bays ” are not as a rule large and the tops are 
much broken up and generally heavier than in Newfoundland specimens. 
Perhaps the finest specimen of this race is one picked up by the pioneer 
Cartwright near the village in Labrador which bears his name, early in 
the nineteenth century. He stated that it bears seventy points, and this, 
I think, is correct, for after much trouble I have recently traced it and had 
it photographed. It is a marvellous specimen and has enormous brows, 
double bays, and very large tops. Sixty-eight points are to be seen in the 
photo and others are hidden. Two other grand specimens given by Captain 
Cartwright to William, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth, are also exceptional. 
One of these bears fifty-three points and is 45f inches long, while the other 
has a very large brow with a depth of 21 inches. Another wonderful head 
with an extraordinary number of small points (said to be sixty -six) is 
in the possession of Colonel Ranken, of Mattawa. It was killed many years 
ago in the open country about Abatibi, North Ontario. 
There is a fine specimen with a very large brow in the British Museum 
from Nova Scotia. These eastern caribou seem to be migrating north. 
They have left the State of Maine and are said to be also leaving New 
Brunswick. In Nova Scotia a few are still left on the mainland, but they 
are not increasing west of the Strait of Canso, notwithstanding a long 
close season. They are still fairly numerous in Cape Breton. 
How far west the true Tarandus rangifer caribou goes it is at present 
impossible to say, but from an examination of a large number of heads 
in Winnipeg there seems to be a distinct change between the deer of Western 
Ontario and Manitoba, the latter being smaller and the type of antlers 
similar in most respects to the Keewatin variety. 
Tarandus rangifer keewatinensis (sub -spec. nov.). Similar in description 
to the last named but distinctly smaller. The antlers of those from the 
south-west and in the forest region north of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, 
more closely resemble those of Tarandus rangifer montanus, being very 
short, not more than 30 inches, and broken up somewhat like the horns 
257 
LL 
