THE GUN AT HOME AND ABROAD 
and south-easterly direction round the north side of the Yukon. On the 
western side of Alaska it comes down almost as far as the north side of 
Mount McKinley and the Kuskokwin River. The caribou of the extreme 
west of the Alaskan Peninsula is T. r. granti , which is practically identical 
with, but slightly larger than, T. r. arcticus. 
As we should expect in animals occupying so large an area there are 
distinct varietal differences to be observed amongst the local herds, for 
within the space from Fort Churchill on Hudson Bay to Nome in Alaska 
there are again many local sub-races within the sub-species. All intelligent 
observers who have travelled in these northlands have observed that each 
body of reindeer has its more or less defined range of north and south 
migration and that these herds do not migrate at haphazard across the 
whole area. Most of the herds migrate due north and south, but there are 
exceptions. For instance, in 1911, an Indian hunting near Fort Simpson 
on the Mackenzie killed a bull arctic caribou in whose side was embedded 
a copper arrow head only used by the Esquimaux of Coronation Gulf 
(Arctic coast south of Victoria Land). This shows that this animal 
performed a western migration in the previous autumn and all Mr 
Stefannsen’s observations tend to show that the caribou of Victoria Land 
and the coast line immediately south of it move either south, east or west 
in the autumn. 
It would seem that the best horned local race of these caribou are those 
inhabiting the country in the neighbourhood of the Porcupine River, 
west of the Mackenzie. These perform a south-westerly migration in 
autumn and are found in October in large numbers in the neighbourhood 
of Rampart House, the extreme northerly post of the Yukon. 
These may possibly be the caribou which Mr Madison Grant speaks of 
as “a new species,” for their horns are quite distinct from the caribou 
of Athabasca and east of the Mackenzie. I examined six heads, brought 
from there in 1908, in Victoria, and give a figure of the best, a beautiful 
head of forty -nine points. All the skulls of these deer were small, with 
the horns finely palmated and furnished with a large number of points, and 
in many ways similar to the old “Hardanger” reindeer of Europe. Mr 
Grant also states (‘‘The Caribou,” p. 14) that there is a ‘‘red caribou, 
extremely rare, if not already exterminated,” north of the Porcupine 
River. It is possible that this may be the same as the foregoing. 
At present we do not know enough of all these local races of the Arctic 
caribou to define their limits and migrations; for the areas in which they 
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