THE GRIZZLY AND BLACK BEAR 
in limited numbers in the most inaccessible mountains and forests; and 
with the increase of railways penetrating the greater part of its central 
and southern haunts the great bear will soon vanish from all its old homes 
south and east of British Columbia. In the last named and in Alaska it is 
likely to survive for many years to come unless the railways, already 
spoken of, to the north lands become an accomplished fact. 
The home of the grizzly bear is high uplands interspersed with rocky 
crags or dense forest. It only becomes a frequenter of open spaces at certain 
seasons when various vegetable and animal life is found on hillsides and 
river bottoms, and even then never goes very far from dense cover to which 
it can easily retreat. 
Dr Hornaday says that this bear utters several sounds indicative of fear, 
pain and anger. A fighting bear says “Aw — aw — aw”; in alarm “woof! 
woof! woof!’’ whilst in distress it calls “Ew — wow — oo — oo— oof.” The 
cub’s call to the mother is “ Row ! Row ! ” 
Captain Conover has told me that the only time he has seen grizzlies 
charge is when accompanied by their cubs, and that he has been charged 
three times in one day by different females. If the female is near when 
the cub calls out, she will charge a man at once, but very rarely charges 
home. At first, when wandering in the woods in spring, he shot several 
females that charged him, thinking that he must do so to save his life. 
But afterwards he found that by standing perfectly still the female only 
charged to within a few yards and then stopped, growled, and after sniffing 
about for a moment or two, beat a hasty retreat. For the last five years he 
told me he had been charged by dozens of anxious mothers, but by remain- 
ing perfectly still they never molested him, but always retired after this 
demonstration. I think it must require unusual nerve to be charged to 
within a few yards by an angry grizzly and not use the rifle, and few men 
would exercise such wonderful restraint, because there are numerous 
instances where female grizzlies have charged home and killed their man. 
In 1908 a ship’s engineer landed on Baranof Island to shoot a deer for 
meat. He wandered up above the timber line and killed a good buck, which 
he put on his back and made haste to return to his ship. Whilst passing 
through a thicket of devil’s club and salmon berry he suddenly heard the 
“ woof ” of an angry grizzly, and even before he had time to fling the deer 
from his back the bear was upon him and flung him down. A cub then com- 
menced to cry in the thicket close at hand, and the furious mother attacked 
the prostrate man and bit him all over the legs and body. After a while 
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BBB 
