THE GRIZZLY AND BLACK BEAR 
of twilight and travel about much at night and dawn, sleeping for the 
greater part of the day in dense thickets or amongst rocks. In spring they 
are often on the move all day. In the Alaskan Islands they keep high up 
in the mountains in spring as soon as they emerge, and like to feed on grass 
on the bare hillsides, from which they have a good view all round. This is 
also the case in Cassiar and the main ranges at the headwaters of the 
Yukon and its confluents, but in more civilized parts, even in spring, the 
grizzly does not go far from the dense timber, but just potters about on 
the edges of snow slides and green spaces from which it can retreat into 
any timber close at hand. 
The black bear and its cubs are quite at home in the trees, and obtain 
much of their food there, especially in the autumn, but only the cubs of the 
grizzly will climb, for the adults seem to prefer to keep on the ground at 
all times. 
The grizzly is more carnivorous than the black bear, and will search for 
and kill large numbers of ground-squirrels, gophers, voles, whilst an 
occasional deer, white goat and young moose or wapiti falls a victim to its 
activity. Any freshly killed or even tainted carcass is also considered a 
delicacy, and their powers of finding them are remarkable. Of vegetable 
food it likes grass, salmon -berry, prairie -turnip, and skunk -cabbage, 
and has an especial liking for trout and salmon, as well as all kinds of 
fruit, consuming enormous quantities of wild cherry, huckleberry and 
raspberries. I have also seen a place in Cassiar where grizzlies have eaten 
both leaves and fruit of wild strawberries. Many roots and insects and 
grubs are also eaten. They use the claws to pick up small objects and eat 
like a Chinaman using chop -sticks. 
The grizzly becomes enormously fat in autumn, especially after a pro- 
longed diet of salmon, and will roam the woods and hillsides in search 
of food long after the black bear has retired for the winter. Captain Conover 
is of opinion that grizzlies do not hole up before Christmas, and agrees with 
Mr Wright that their time of emerging in spring is a month to six weeks 
later than the black bear. They sleep very deeply during hibernation, but 
can easily be aroused soon after entering their dens. Most bears, however, 
are very diverse in character in this respect, some being easily awakened 
whilst others cannot be roused without the application of fire or logs thrust 
into their dens. 
All bears have regular roads, which they make on the hillsides, through 
the woods and amongst the river bottoms, and these they use for years 
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