THE GRIZZLY AND BLACK BEAR 
Ursus americanus sornborgeri (Bangs). The skull is supposed to be smaller, 
shorter and broader than the typical race. 
Ursus americanus carlottce (Osgood). A large race, with skull larger and 
teeth bigger than the typical race. Said to be glossy black. 
Ursus americanus eremicus (Merriam). Said to be brown nosed, black 
furred and brown under furred. Slender muzzle. 
Ursus americanus floridanus (Merriam). Very large and completely black. 
Ursus americanus luteolus (Griffith). Large form with large teeth. 
Ursus americanus altifrontalis (Elliot). 
Ursus americanus hylodromtis (Elliot). 
Ursus americanus machetes (Elliot). 
Ursus americanus emmonsi (Dali). A small brown-nosed bear, with 
curiously silver-tipped pelage and with white on other parts of the coat. 
The whole hair has a curious blue tinge. It is very rare and only found on 
the slopes of Mount St Elias, Alaska, and the neighbouring region. I have 
only seen one perfect skin and skull. A very distinct sub-species. 
[Ursus kermodei (Hornaday). This is, I think, only a small albino race 
of the common black bear. The skulls in the museum at Victoria were 
identical with those of small black bears. Found on a small island in the 
Pacific, opposite Prince Rupert, and also, I think, on the mainland.] 
The range of the black bear is a very wide one, embracing the greater 
part of the North American continent. It is common throughout Labrador 
except the extreme north, Newfoundland and all the eastern, western and 
central states. Also in nearly the whole of Canada and Arctic Canada and 
America, except the inhospitable barrens adjoining the Arctic Ocean, 
though it ranges all along the south of Hudson’s Bay and often comes 
near to the sea at the mouth of the Mackenzie. In Alaska it is found 
almost to the north of the Yukon, but not in the barren area beyond tree 
limit towards Point Barrow. Southward it is common in Oregon and 
Washington, but avoids the greater part of California, and is plentiful 
throughout the interior of Mexico, but not on the coastal regions of the 
east and west. A part of Northern Florida is said to be without black 
bears, but this requires confirmation. It is said to occur in Costa Rica 
(G. Cherrie). 
In spite of constant persecution and the close proximity of man the 
black bear holds its own. It is going fast in Newfoundland, where it is now 
a rare animal, comparatively speaking. Even the fur-hunting Indians, 
who make an especial hunt for this animal there at certain seasons, seldom 
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