WILD FOWL 
GOLDEN-EYE 
CLANGULA CLANGULA 
(Plate XXIX, Fig. 7) 
Clangula vulgaris^ Gould, Birds Europe, v, pi. 379 (1837). 
Clangula glaucion, Dresser, Birds Europe, vi, p. 595, pi. 440 (1875) ; Hume & Marshall, 
Game Birds Ind., iii, p. 285, pi. 38 (1880); Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxvii, p. 376 
(1895) ; Saunders, III. Man. Brit. Birds, p. 451 (1899). 
Fuligula clangula, Lilford, Col. Fig. Brit. Birds, part xi, pi. (1889). 
DULT male. — ^Head and upper neck black, glossed with dark 
green, the feathers of the crown and nape being some- 
/ what elongate; a rounded white patch on the cheeks at 
I the base of the upper mandible and extending back- 
i wards to below the anterior margin of the eye; lower 
B^neck and underparts white, the long flank feathers 
edged with black; back, rump and upper tail-coverts black; inner scapu- 
lars black, the outer ones white, edged with black; wings black, with a 
large white patch in the middle formed by the wing -coverts and outer 
secondaries; under wing -coverts and axillaries dark smoky -brown; 
tail rather darker. Iris golden-yellow; bill bluish -black ; feet orange - 
yellow, webs dusky. Total length about 17 5 inches; bill 1 3 inch, depth 
at base, 0*9 inch; wing 8‘5 inches; tail 3*6 inches; tarsus 1*5 inch. 
Adult male in eclipse-plumage. — ^Resembles the adult female, but retains the 
black and white wing of the adult male. 
Adult female. — Head and upper neck brown; a white collar round the 
lower neck, becoming indistinct on the nape; upper parts blackish, the 
mantle, scapulars and lesser wing-coverts edged with grey; feathers of 
the chest, sides and flanks grey, edged with whitish; rest of the under - 
parts white; median wing-coverts brown, tipped with white ; inner greater 
secondary coverts white, tipped with brown; median secondaries white, 
the rest of the wings and tail brownish -black; under wing-coverts and 
axillaries smoky-brown. Iris golden -yellow; basal two -thirds of the bill 
and the nail brownish -black, subterminal portion yellow; feet orange - 
yellow, webs dusky. Total length about 16 inches; bill 1*25 inch; wing 
8*0 inches; tail 3*3 inches; tarsus 1 *4 inch. 
General distribution. — The golden-eye inhabits the Northern Hemi- 
sphere, breeding in the Arctic and sub -Arctic regions. In Europe it is 
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