RED DEER, FALLOW DEER & ROE 
Central and Northern Caucasus, but there is a tendency of the species to 
merge into the Siberian form (C. pygargus ) in the northern parts of those 
mountains. 
A fair number of roe are found in France, where they are preserved 
and shot in winter battues together with pheasants and hares. They are 
also found in Spain, Greece, Tuscany, and North Palestine, and are com- 
mon in Bosnia, Herzegovina, the Balkans, Turkey, Albania and Belgium. 
I think that the so-called Chinese roe (C. Manchuricus) should be con- 
sidered a sub-species of our European roe, for it differs only in the rich 
red colour of its summer pelage. I have skulls from the north of Pekin and 
Kansu, which seem in every way similar to European roe. The horns, 
too, are identical. 
The character and habits of roe on the Continent are the same as those 
of British examples which have already been described. 
Instead of being classed as an animal of low intelligence, such as the 
hare or the rabbit, as it is in the British Islands, the roe is treated in Ger- 
many and Austria in the way it deserves, that is, as a high-class beast of 
the chase. Large sums are paid every year by German and Austrian 
sportsmen to have the privilege of stalking this excellent little deer with 
the rifle, and its chase as now practised in southern forests and open 
lands is one of the best that Europe affords, coming as it does at a time of 
year when practice with the rifle on other game is not possible. Most of 
the bucks are shot either by still hunting at the hours of feeding or lured 
out of the woods by means of the call, which can be made to imitate exactly 
the amorous cry of the female. I have heard an experienced hunter copy 
the cry of the doe so exactly that its detection on the part of the male would 
seem to be impossible. Yet much skill and practice is necessary to attain 
efficiency in the art to make the male break cover and show himself. If a 
wrong tone is uttered at the moment when the buck is advancing he will 
at once detect the fraud and either stand and bark or retreat. There are 
very few really good moose callers in Eastern Canada, just as there are few 
expert roe callers in Germany and Austria; but once the art is learnt the 
interest of roe-calling is far superior to that of attracting the larger beast, 
whilst the target is a much smaller one to hit and the shot more transient. As 
a matter of fact the sounds emitted by the caller are of considerable variety 
and are intended to evince the growing desire of the female to pair. These 
have to be uttered in different intonations as the male is advancing. Some- 
times quite a loud yearning note is given to attract the male in the first 
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