78 
IIOW PLANTS ARE PROPAGATED. 
200 
growing very thick and fleshy, makes the whole eatable part or flesh of the fruit 
in the haw and the quince. The real seed-vessels in the quince (Fig. 201), 
apple (Fig. 200), and the like, consist of the five thin, parchment- 
like cells of the core, containing the seeds. In the quince, all the 
flesh is calyx. But in the pear and apple the flesh of the core, 
viz. all inside of the circle of greenish dots which are seen on cut- 
ting the apple across (Fig. 200), belongs to the receptacle of the 
flower, which here rises so as to surround the real seed-vessels. 
Cutting the apple lengthwise, these dots come to view as slender 
greenish lines, separating what belongs to the core from what be- 
longs to the calyx : they are the vessels which in the blossom 
belong to the petals and the stamens above. In the haw, the cells 
become thick and stony, and so form a kind of 
226. Stone-Fruit or Drupe. Plums, cherries, and peaches (Fig. 
202 ) are the commonest and best examples of the stone-fruit. It 
is a fruit in which the outer part becomes 
fleshy or pulpy, like a berry, while the 
inner part becomes hard or stony, like a 
nut. So the Stone (or Putamen , as the botanist terms it) 
does not belong to the seed, but to the fruit. It has the 
seed in it, with coats of its own. 
227. Dry Fruits are those that ripen without flesh or 
pulp. They are either dehiscent or indehiscent. Dehis- 
cent seed-vessels are those which split or burst open, in 
some regular way, to discharge the seeds. Indehiscent 
seed-vessels are those that remain closed, retaining the seed until they grow, or 
until the seed-vessel decays. All stone fruits and fleshy 
fruits are of course indehiscent. 
228. The sorts of indehiscent dry fruits that we need 
to distinguish are the AJcene , the Grain , the Nut , and 
the Key. 
229. The Akene includes all dry, one-seeded, closed, 
small fruits, such as are generally mistaken for naked 
seeds ; such, for instance, as the little seed-like fruits of Buttercups. (Fig. 203 is one 
of these, whole, a good deal enlarged ; Fig. 204, one with part of the wall cut away.) 
