POPULAR FLORA. 
113 
No such calyx-like leaves (or involucre) close to the flower. 
Flowers single, on long, naked stalks, { Anemone ) Anemony. 
Flowers several in a simple umbel, handsome, J ( Thalictrum) Meadow-Rue. 
Flowers many in a panicle, small, ) 
Petals present as well as sepals, the latter falling off early, ( Ranunculus ) Crowfoot. 
Pistils more than one-seeded, becoming pods (except in Baneberry). 
Sepals petal-like, not falling when the flower first opens, and 
Golden-yellow : petals none. Leaves rounded, not cut, ( Caltha ) Marsh-Marigold. 
Yellow or yellowish: petals stamen-like. Leaves deeply cut, ( Trollius) Globe-flower. 
White : pistils several, on stalks of their own. Leaflets 3, ( Coptis ) Goldthread. 
Blue, purple, red, &c., rarely white. Pistils not stalked. 
Pistils 5, united below into a bladdery pod, ( Nigella ) * Fennel-Flower. 
Pistils 2 to 5, rarely one, separate. 
Sepals 5, all alike: petals 5, in the form of large spurs, ( Aquilegia ) Columbine. 
Sepals 5, dissimilar. Flower irregular. 
Upper sepal long-spurred : petals 4, {Delphinium) Larkspur. 
Upper sepal hood- or helmet-shaped; petals 2, {Aconitum) Aconite. 
Sepals petal-like, white, falling when the flower opens: petals minute or none. 
Flowers in a short raceme. Pistil one, making a berry, (Actcea) Baneberry. 
Flowers in a long raceme. Fruit a dry pod, ( Cimicifuga ) Bugbane. 
Sepals leaf-like, not falling off: petals large and showy, ( Pceonia ) * Peony. 
Those genera which have more than one common species are next given, with the distinguishing 
marks of the species. 
Virgin’s-Bower. Clematis. 
Calyx of 4 petal-like sepals, their margins not overlapping, but turned or rolled inwards in the bud. 
(Fig. 244, a cross-section of the calyx in the bud, shows this slightly in species No. 1, and Fig. 245, 
much rolled inwards, in No. 3.) No real petals. Fruit of many akenes, their style remaining gen- 
erally in the form of a long and feathery tail (Fig. 246). Flowering in summer. 
1. Wild Virgin’s-Bower. Flowers white, in panicles, small, somewhat dioecious; leaflets 3, toothed; 
akenes with long feathery tails (Fig. 246). Banks of streams. C. Virginiana. 
2. Sweet V. Flowers panicled, white; leaflets 5 to 9, entire. Cultivated in gardens. C. Fldmmula. 
3. Vine-Bower. Flower single; sepals purple, large; fruit short-tailed, naked. Cult. C. Viticella. 
Hepatica (or Liverleaf). Hepdtica. 
Calyx of 6 to 12 petal-like sepals, which are naturally taken for a corolla, because just underneath 
is a whorl of 3 little leaves exactly resembling a calyx; but it is a little way below the flower. Real 
petals none. Pistils several, making naked-pointed akenes. — Low herbs, in woods, sending up from the 
ground, in early spring, rounded 3-lobed leaves, which last over the next winter, and scapes with 
single (blue, purple, or nearly white) flowers. 
1. Round-lobed H. Lobes of the leaves 3, rounded and blunt. Common N. & E. II. triloba. 
2. Sharp-lobed H. Lobes of the leaves 3 or 5, acute. Common W. E. acutiloba. 
Ane'mony. Anemone. 
Calyx of from 5 to 15 petal-like sepals; no leaves just underneath it, but the flowers on long and 
naked footstalks. No real petals. Akenes blunt or short-pointed, not ribbed nor grooved. Perennial 
herbs: their upper or stem-leaves opposite or in whorls. Flowers generally single, handsome. The 
