POPULAR FLORA. 
149 
Avens. Geum. 
Calyx bell-shaped or flattish, 5-cleft, and with 5 additional little lobes between. Petals 5. Stamens 
many. Pistils many in a head, making akenes, which are tipped with the style, remaining as a long, 
naked or hairy tail. Perennial herbs : flowers single or somewhat corymbed. — In all our common 
species the style is jointed and hooked round in the middle. 
* Upper and mostly hairy joint of the style falling off, leaving the lower and smooth portion, which 
remains hooked at the end : flowers rather small: root-leaves mostly interruptedly pinnate ; stem- 
leaves or lobes 3 to 5. Dry woods and fields. 
1. White Avens. Smoothish or downy; petals white, as long as the calyx, akenes bristly. G. album. 
2. Virginian A. Bristly-hairy, stouter than the last ; petals greenish- white, shorter than the calyx ; 
akenes smooth. G. Virginianum. 
3. Yellow A. Rather hairy, large ; petals yellow, longer than the calyx. G. slrictum. 
* * Upper joint of the style persistent and feathered with long hairs; flowers rather large, nodding. 
4. Water A. Root-leaves with a large and rounded-lobed end-leaflet, and some very small ones 
below ; stem-leaves few, 3-cleft or of 3 small leaflets ; petals not spreading, somewhat notched at 
the broad summit, purplish. — Wet banks of streams. G. rivale. 
Cinquefoil. Potentilla. 
Calyx open or flat, 5-parted, and with 5 additional outside lobes alternate with the others, making 
10. Petals 5. Stamens many. Pistils many in a head, on a dry receptacle, making seed-like akenes, 
the styles falling off. 
Leaves palmate. Herbs, with yellow flowers. 
1. Norway Cinquefoil. Erect, coarse, hairy ; leaflets 3, obovate, cut-toothed. Fields. P. Norvegica. 
2. Canada C. Runner-like stems decumbent or spreading; leaflets 5, obovate-oblong; peduncles long, 
axillary, 1-flowered. Fields and banks. P. Canadensis. 
3. Silvery C. Low, with spreading branches, white-woolly, as are the 5 leaflets beneath. P. argentea. 
* * Leaves pinnate. Herbs (except No. 5): receptacle of the fruit hairy. 
4. Silver-weed. Creeping, sending up leaves of 9 to 19 cut-toothed leaflets, besides little ones inter- 
posed, silvery-white beneath, and single long-stalked yellow flowers. Wet banks, N. P. Anserina. 
5. Shrubby C. Shrub very bushy, 2° to 4° high ; leaflets 5 or 7, crowded near the end of the short 
footstalk, lance-oblong, entire, silky beneath ; flowers yellow. Bogs. P. fruticosa. 
6. Marsh C. Stems ascending from a scaly creeping base; leaflets 5 or 7, crowded, serrate, lance- 
oblong; flowers dull purple. Cold bogs, N. P.palusiris. 
Bramble. Rubus. 
Calyx open, deeply 5-cleft. Petals 5. Pistils many; their ovaries ripening into little berry-like 
grains (or rather drupelets ), making a kind of compound berry. — Rather shrubby or herbaceous pe- 
rennials. 
§ 1. RASPBERRY. Fruit falling from the dry receptacle, usually with the grains lightly cohering. 
* Leaves simple, lobed : flowers large and showy : petals spreading. 
1. Purple Flowering-Raspberry. Bristly and clammy with odorous brownish glands ; leaves 
rounded, with 3 or 5 pointed lobes ; flowers in a corymb, rose-purple ; fruit flat. Rocky banks, 
N. FI. summer. R. odordtus. 
2. White Flowering-R. Like No. 1, but the flowers white and smaller. N. W. & cult. R. Nutkdnus. 
