160 
POPULAR FLORA. 
4. Sarsaparilla A. Roots very long and slender, horizontal (used as a substitute for sarsaparilla); 
the compound long-stalked leaf, and the naked flower-stalk bearing few umbels, rising separately 
from the ground. Moist woods. A. nudicaiilis . 
Ginseng. Aralia , § Ginseng. 
Styles 2 or 3. Flowers white. Berries red or reddish when ripe. Low herbs with simple stems, 
bearing at the top a whorl of leaves and one long-stalked umbel. 
1. True Ginseng. Root long and large, warm-aromatic ; leaflets 5. Rich woods, N. A. quinquefolia. 
2. Dwarf G. (or Groundnut). Root round, sharp-tasted; leaflets 3 or 5; stem 4' to 6' high. Damp 
woods, N. FI. spring. A. trifolia. 
45. CORNEL FAMILY. Order COKNACEJE. 
Shrubs or trees (except our Dwarf Cornel), the calyx coherent with the ovary, which 
makes a berry -like stone-fruit; represented (except 
by the Tupelo or Pepperidge-tree, Nyssa , here 
omitted) only by the genus 
1. Cornel (or Dogwood). Corpus. 
Petals 4 and stamens 4, on the ovary. Teeth of the calyx 
4, very small. Style 1 . Ovar}^ 2-celled, in fruit berry-like 
with a 2-seeded stone. Leaves entire, opposite, except in 
No. 7. Flowers in spring or early summer. 
* Flowers greenish, in a head, which is surrounded by a 
4-leaved involucre resembling a large white corolla ; 
fruit bright red. 
1 . Dwarf Cornel (or Bunchberry). Herb low, with 4 
or 6 leaves near the top. Damp woods. C. Canadensis. 
2. Flowering C. or Dogwood. Tree; leaves of the co- 
rolla-like involucre obcordate. C. fiorida . 
* * Flowers white, in flat and open cymes: shrubs 
8. Round-leaved C. Branches greenish, warty-dotted ; 
leaves round-oval, woolly beneath ; fruit pale blue. 
Woods. C. circinata. 
4. Silky C. Branches purple ; young stalks and lower 
side of the ovate or oblong leaves silky woolly; fruit 
pale blue. Swamps. C. sericea. 
5. Red-Osier C. Branches red-purple; leaves ovate, smooth, white and roughish beneath; fruit 
white. Wet banks of streams. C. stolonifera 
6. Panicled C. Branches gray ; leaves lance-ovate ; cymes convex ; fruit white. C. paniculate 
7. Alternate-leaved C. Branches greenish streaked with white; leaves crowded at the ends oi 
the shoots, but alternate; leaves pointed; fruit bright blue. Hill-sides. C. alternifolia. 
385. Dwarf Cornel. 386. A separate flower 
enlarged. 387. A fruit cut across. 
