166 
POPULAR FLORA. 
there are five chaffy and pointed scales (Fig. 409). But more commonly the pappus con- 
sists of bristles, or downy hairs (as its name denotes). Asters, Groundsels, and especially 
Thistles, afford most familiar examples of such a 
hairy or downy pappus; those of Thistles, &e. 
in autumn sailing about in every breeze. Fig. 
411 shows the very soft downy pappus of Sow- 
Thistle. Fig. 410, that of the Dandelion; this is 
raised upon a long beak to the akene, which 
lengthens greatly after flowering. 
This family contains about an eighth or tenth 
part of all Flowering plants. But it is too diffi- 
cult for the beginner. So we here barely men- 
tion a few of the common plants which belong to it. 
Ray-flower, 
neutral. 
405. Slice of the same, enlarged, with one ray-flower, and part of another, and one perfect disk-flower (a), with its bract or chaff (5). 
1 . Among those which have no rays, or strap-shaped corollas, are Thistles , Burdock, 
Everlasting and Cudweed , Wormwood, Thorougliwort or 
Eupatorium , Button- SnaJceroot, and Iromveed . 
2. With rays or strap-shaped corollas at the margin 
(either neutral or pistillate), and tubular flowers in the 
centre; Coltsfoot , Aster , Fleabane , Daisy , Golden-rod , 
Sunflower, Coreopsis , Mayweed , Chamomile , fyc. 
3. With all the flowers strap-shaped and perfect (and 
409 
Haivkweed , Sow-thistle , Dandelion , and Lettuce . 
