POPULAR FLORA. 
195 
81. MEZEREUM FAMILY. Order TH YMELE ACEiE . 
Shrubs, with very tough and acrid bark ; entire generally alternate leaves ; and perfect 
flowers, with a tubular 
calyx colored like a co- 
rolla, bearing 8 or 10 
stamens, free from the 
simple pistil. Ovary one- 
celled, one-ovuled, mak- 
ing a berry in fruit. — We 
have one wild plant of 
the family ; Daphne Me- 
zereum is a hardy low 
shrub in gardens, and D. 
odora in houses. Flowers 
appearing earlier than 
the leaves. 
490. Flowering 1 branchlet of Leath- 
erwood. 491. Branch with foliage 
and fruit. 492. A flower, magnified. 
433. Same, more magnified, the calyx 
.aid open. 
Calyx salver-shaped or funnel-shaped, generally rose-color, the border 4-lobed : stamens 8, 
in two sets, included; filaments hardly any, ( Daphne ) ^Daphne. 
Calyx tubular, pale yellow, with no spreading border, obscurely 4-toothed: stamens 8, 
with long protruded filaments, ( Dirca ) Leatherwood. 
82. NETTLE FAMILY. Order URTICACE^E. 
Monoecious, dioecious, or barely polygamous herbs, shrubs, or trees, with stipules, and a 
regular calyx, free from the ovary, which forms a one-seeded fruit. Divides into four dis- 
tinct subfamilies which might be reckoned as families, viz. : — 
I. ELM Subfamily. Trees, with alternate simple leaves, and polygamous or often nearly perfect 
flowers : styles or long stigmas 2. 
Ovary 2-celled, a hanging ovule in each cell: stamens 4 to 9. Flowers earlier than the 
leaves. Fruit a thin key, winged all round, one-seeded (Fig. 207), ( Ulmus) Elm. 
Ovary one-celled, with one hanging ovule : stamens 5 or 6. Fruit a small drupe. Leaves 
ovate or heart-shaped, ( Celtis) Hackberry. 
II. BREADFRUIT Subfamily. Trees, with a milky or colored juice, and alternate leaves; the 
flowers in heads or catkin-like spikes, the fertile ones fleshy in fruit, or both kinds in a fleshy receptacle.. 
Styles 1 or 2 : ovary becoming an akene in fruit. Inner bark often tough and fibrous. 
Flowers, of both kinds mixed, enclosed in a pear-shaped fleshy receptacle like a rose-hip 
which is pulpy when ripe, (Ficus) *Fig. 
