1967] 
Carpenter — Carboniferous insects 
6l 
as had been noted by Laurentiaux-Vieira and Laurentiaux (1964) 
in Breyeria vrankeni from the Upper Carboniferous of Holland. 2 
It is most interesting and unexpected to find a representative of the 
Text-fig. 1. Wing of Breyeria rappi, n. sp. (holotype) 
family Breyeriidae in the Upper Carboniferous strata of the New 
World, especially since the fossil shows no differences which separate 
it generically from the European species. Indeed, the uniformity of 
the venational pattern of the known Breyeriidae is very striking. 
The excellence of the preservation of the type of B. rappi reveals 
some noteworthy features. One of these is the presence of a distinct 
but short longitudinal vein at the base of the costal space. This is 
undoubtedly comparable to the several ridges of veins that Kukalova 
(i960) and Carpenter (1964) have noted in other Palaeodictyop- 
tera. It is by no means certain, however, that this vein is the costa 
or that a true pre-costal space exists, like that in the Protodonata. 
Laurentiaux has noted (1964) that he finds no sign of this basal 
vein in the costal area of the species which he studied. 
Another interesting feature of the wing of B. rappi is the presence 
of the small, circular, cuticular thickenings between several of the 
veins. These have been previously reported in the Breyeriidae by 
Laurentiaux-Vieira and Laurentiaux (1963, 1964). Similar plate- 
like thickenings have been noted in some of the Protodonata (Bolton, 
1914, Carpenter 1947) and somewhat larger plate-like thickenings 
2 The difference in color between the basal and distal parts of the wing 
of B. rappi, as shown in the photograph, is almost certainly due to peculiari- 
ties of preservation rather than to pigmentation in the wing of the living 
insect. 
Explanation of Plate 8 
Breyeria rappi, n. sp. Photograph of holotype. Upper Carboniferous of 
Tennessee. Length of wing, 81 mm. 
