1967] 
Roth — Rotation of the Ootheca 
IOI 
and viviparity, because in species like Blattella the eggs, which are 
carried externally, obtain water from the female. 
The evolution of rotation from a polyphagid-like form whose 
ootheca had a long flange and was not rotated, may have occurred 
as follows : Reduction of the flange could have resulted in a blattellid- 
like species that did not rotate its ootheca and a polyphagid-like stock 
with a primitive rotation. Advanced rotation could have evolved 
from a non-rotating blattellid whose ootheca had already lost the 
flange. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
I thank Dr. E. R. Tinkham (California), Dr. Harry Hoogstraal 
(Egypt), Dr. M. P. Pener (Israel), and Mr. S. K. Dwarakanath 
(India) for sending me living polyphagids. I am also thankful to 
Dr. Ashley Gurney and Dr. K. Princis for identifying several of 
the species, Mr. William Hahn for taking the photographs, and Dr. 
F. A. McKittrick for critically reading the manuscript. I am grate- 
ful to the late Dr. Harold Grant who allowed me access to the 
Rehn and Hebard collection at The Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia. 
References Cited 
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