1967] 
MacLeod & Adams — Berothidae 
257 
deflexed laterally. Forelegs without raptorial modifications. 9th 
abdominal tergite fused to ectoprocts, the latter bearing obsolescent 
cereal calluses and trichobothrial setae. 
Wings moderately to strongly elongate with rounded or with sub- 
falcate or falcate apices; recurrent humeral vein present as a ve9tige 
or absent; stems of R and M closely adjacent but separate to base 
or fused for a, short distance in forewing. Hindwing with basal free 
piece of MA vertical, straight; CuP not developed. 
Male with 9th abdominal sternite reduced, transverse. Gonarcus 
anus fused or desclerotized in midline; gonocoxites developed and 
widely separated distally from gonarcus, or closely adjacent to gonar- 
cus throughout their length ; mediuncus represented as a small sclerite 
or elongate and withdrawn into an internal pouch, always with a tuft 
of setae at its tip. 
Female with squamae on coxae, pleurae, or wings, or else these 
scales lacking. 7th abdominal sternite well developed, or slightly 
descelerotized in posterior midline, or showing various degrees of 
reduction until, at extreme, represented only as small lateral frag- 
ments. 8th sternite a small, cresentic sclerite or, more usually, a large 
frequently complex ventral sclerite. 9th gonocoxites occasionally 
lacking hypocaudae or with these structures very small, more usually 
with hypocaudae well developed ; traces of 9th gonapophyses lacking. 
Genital chamber closed by anteriad appression of membranous medial 
surface of 9th gonocoxites against concave sclerotized surface of 8th 
gonocoxites. Bursa copulatrix large, widely confluent with genital 
chamber. Spermathecal duct short and membranous or, more usually, 
elongate and well sclerotized ; spermatheca complexly coiled, with en- 
largements and usually with diverticula. 
Discussion. The following additional family group names have 
been utilized for various subdivisions of the Berothinae: Tricho- 
matidae Tillyard, 1916 and Trichomatini Navas, 1929; Naizemini 
Navas, 1921; Spermophorellini Navas, 1921 ; Nodallini Navas, 1927. 
These have not been placed in formal synonymy, since some of these 
may prove valid at the tribal level when the interrelationships of the 
many genera of the Berothinae have been worked out. 
A total of twenty generic names have been used for berothids 
which belong to this subfamily. These names, with their geographic 
distribution indicated in parentheses, are: *Acroberotha Kruger, 1922 
(southern Africa, China, Japan, southeast Asia, Australia) ; *Berotha 
Walker, i860 (Africa, Madagascar, Hindustan, India, Ceylon, Java, 
Formosa) ; Costachillea Navas, 1929 (north Africa) ; *Cycloberotha 
