1985] 
Main & Gray — Australian Diplurinae 
153 
because of the indented labium and absence of labial cusps in Tro- 
glodiplura', with Kiama due to the different configuration of the 
sternal sigilla and the U-shaped fovea in Kiama. 
Collection of a male of Troglodiplura initially promised resolu- 
tion of the relationships of the genus. Criteria used to distinguish 
male Australian diplurines are predominantly: configuration of the 
bulb and embolus, spination of the palpal tibia, armature of the first 
tibia and modifications of the first metatarsus. The Anamini (exclu- 
sive of Merredinia) comprise the only genera previously described 
and undescribed (Main in preparation), which bear a pronounced 
tibial spur on the foreleg, e.g. Aname, Chenistonia, Kwonkan. 
Some of the named Teylini (e.g. Namea which is here added to the 
tribe) may bear heavy spines that are sometimes raised on low spur- 
like protuberances on the first tibia, but which are never comparable 
to the single-spined spur of typical Anamini. Troglodiplura as de- 
scribed below is shown to have a large tibial spur in the male. How- 
ever, because it has an unmodified maxillary heel which lacks 
cuspules the genus would appear not to be closely related to the 
Anamini and Teylini and the development of the tibial spur is there- 
fore considered as a convergence. Furthermore there is an unde- 
scribed genus of the Teylini (Main in press b) in which a tibial 
spur has clearly arisen independently. 
It appears that the tibial spur has convergently evolved at least 
three times in Australian Diplurinae. It is even possible that it may 
have evolved independently in several of the Anamini. Finally, 
Aname kirrama which has in combination maxillary cuspules con- 
fined to the anterior ental angle of the maxilla and a pronounced 
tibial spur, would appear to be more closely related to Troglodi- 
plura than to Aname. However until more specimens are known 
with Aname kirrama affinities, this species is not transferred to 
Troglodiplura. An alternative solution would be to erect another 
monotypic genus. A disjunct distribution of related taxa, e.g. north 
Queensland ( Aname kirrama) and the Nullarbor Plain ( Troglodi- 
plura ) is not really surprising in view of similar distributions of 
mygalomorph taxa. For example the Homogoninae have representa- 
tives in eastern Australian montane areas and southwestern 
Australia (Main 1983a; description in press a). 
It now seems from the morphological features of both male and 
female specimens that Troglodiplura is less anomalous than pre- 
