472 
Psyche 
[Vol. 92 
carina weakly and irregularly defined; dorsal carinae absent; surface 
with coarser and more granular micro-reticulation than in female; 
setae largely surpassing the length of their interspaces, much longer 
and denser than in female. 
TYPE material. Holotype $>: PERU, Lima Province, San 
Geronimo, 5-VII-1976, C. Porter. Paratypes: 1$, 3<J: PERU, 
Lima Province, Matucana, 2389 m, 28-30-VI-1974, C. Porter, L. 
Stange, 7-9-VII-1975, C. Porter; La Libertad Province, Samne nr. 
Trujillo, 1500 m, 12-1 7-VII- 1 975, C. Porter, L. Stange. Holotype in 
Florida State Collection of Arthropods. Paratypes in Florida State 
Collection of Arthropods (15), Collection of Henry K. Townes 
(15), and Collection of Charles C. Porter (12, 15)- 
relationships. Cosmiocryptus occidens belongs to the Rufiti- 
bia group within its genus (Porter 1967: 124-6) and is very closely 
related to the central Andean C. townesorum Porter (1967: 135-7). 1 
Probably, these 2 species are vicariants which differentiated, in the 
Puna and Coastal Desert respectively, while late Tertiary and Pleis- 
tocene climatic changes alternately prevented and encouraged dis- 
persal of xerophilous biota across the highest Andean cordilleras. A 
similar relationship seems to obtain between the ephialtine ichneu- 
monids Itoplectis niobe Schrottky (mostly restricted to above 2500 
m in Peru) and Itoplectis phoenogaster Porter (a closely related 
Itoplectis endemic to the Coastal Desert below 2500 m, as discussed 
by Porter 1979: 180-1). 
Cosmiocryptus townesorum differs from C. occidens in lacking a 
white band on the female flagellum, in its absence of red markings, 
longer temple (0.4-0. 5 as long as eye in dorsal view vs. 0.2-0. 3 in C. 
occidens ), and conspicuously upcurved ovipositor (ovipositor only 
slightly upcurved in C. occidens ). 
field notes. Cosmiocryptus occidens inhabits moist areas with 
subtropical to prepuna climates (1500 to 2389 m altitude) in fertile 
river valleys along much of the Peruvian coast. I have taken it by 
sweeping dense herbaceous undergrowth along irrigation ditches 
and also while beating the large composite shrub, Baccharis. Cos- 
miocryptus and numerous other Hymenoptera often are attracted to 
Baccharis , where they feed on honeydew produced by the many 
'New combination. 
