110 
Psyche 
[September 
tainers, as was accomplished in the above described works, 
since the cost of such containers and their shipment would 
be prohibitive; it is also doubtful if any commonly avail- 
able refrigerants would maintain the necessary low tem- 
perature over such a prolonged period (10 to 15 days). 
The problem of how to ship live adult hippoboscid flies 
such a long distance was obviated when experiments 
showed that puparia of the flies could be shipped this 
distance economically, simply and most successfully via 
air express. 
The puparia were packed in the following manner for 
shinment. Several puparia were loosely wrapped in a 
pieee of cleansing tissue and then the tissue-wrapped 
puparia were put into a shell vial which had a small piece 
of cotton in the bottom. The number of puparia in a vial 
would vary with the size of the puparia and the vial. 
For these shipments a maximum of five puparia of Hip- 
pobosca longipennis and three puparia of H. equina were 
placed in each 15 X 40 mm. vial. The puparia could also 
be put one or two at a time unwrapped into the vials with 
cotton under and over each succeeding one or two puparia. 
The vial was plugged with cotton or capped with a plastic 
screw-on cap. Five or six vials were then placed into a 
cardboard mailing tube padded all around the inside and 
bottom with cotton to prevent the vials from breaking 
and the puparia from being severely jarred. 
Upon arrival in Frederick, Maryland, the puparia were 
removed from the vials and placed into individual rear- 
ing vials (25 X 55 mm.) covered with 10-mesh nylon 
bcbbinette. The vials containing the puparia were then 
placed into an incubator set at 26.5° C. (79.7° F.). Adult 
flies of H. longipennis emerged from puparia in from 26 
to 31 days (from the date of collection in Egypt to date 
of emergence in Maryland). Adult flies of H. equina 
emerged in 29 days under the same conditions. This ship- 
ping method could be employed for puparia of all viviparous 
flies. 
