Scientific Intelligence. —Arts. 199 
brownish-red colour, the mass is mixed, before applying it to 
the paper, with a little ochre, English red, or lamp black. Care 
must be taken to lay the substance on as equally as possible, and 
to dry it in the air. When the first coat thus applied to the pa- 
per is dry, another is to be laid on in like manner. Those who 
manufacture it for sale pass the paper thus prepared under a 
cylinder, to render it smooth. It is further to be observed, that 
the mass must be liquid, and that it must be stirred about before 
applying it to the paper. 
56. On the Chinese manner of forming Artificial Pearls , by 
E. Gray, Esq.- — “ In a late visit to the College of Surgeons, I 
observed some pearls in the same species of shell (Barhala pli- 
cata), which had the external appearance of being formed arti- 
ficially, which Mr Clift, the excellent conservator of this esta- 
blishment, very kindly allowed me to examine and describe. 
These pearls are of a very fine water, and nearly orbicular ; 
their base is supported by a small process, which separates at the 
end into short diverging processes, which stand off at right an- 
gles to the central rib. On more minute examination, it ap- 
peared that these pearls were produced by there being intro- 
duced between the mantle of the animal (while yet alive) and 
the shell, a small piece of silver wire, bent into a peculiar form, 
that is to say, so as to form a right angle, with one arm ending 
in two diverging processes, so as to make the simple end al- 
ways to keep its erect position. These wires must be intro- 
duced in the same manner as the semi-orbicular pieces of mo- 
ther-of-pearl in the other method of forming artificial pearls, as 
there is no appearance of any external injury. The pearls are 
solid, and nearly orbicular, with a small pedicel, which is con- 
tinued so as to entirely cover the wire. They may be perforat- 
ed and used so as to show their whole surface, which I did not 
expect could ever be the case with any artificial pearls ; but they 
must doubtless, unlike the artificial pearls formed by the other 
means, be a considerable time in coming to any useful and 
valuable size.” — Annals of Philosophy , November 1825. 
5*7. Diving Bell. ■ — A patent has been obtained by Thomas 
Steel, Esq. A. M. of Magdalene College, Cambridge, for some 
very important improvements in the construction and appa~ 
