Dr Fleming on the Geological Deluge. 281 
part of which lay separately in the mud.”— (Rcl. Dll. 12.) 
The present existence of pitfalls, and subterranean rivers in 
the same limestone, likewise gives strong probability to the infer- 
ence which -we have drawn, or rather would amount to a proof, 
provided there be nothing in the condition of the bones them- 
selves, justifying the propriety of another explanation. 
The bones in the cave are chiefly fragments, and besides the 
small splinters, numerous portions of the ends, or the most solid 
portions of the larger bones, the jaw and teeth, occur. Some 
of these splinters are angular, 44 but many others were decided- 
ly rounded and smoothed at the projecting parts, bearing obvious 
marks of having been long agitated by water.” — Young, Wern. 
Mem. iv. 266.) These circumstances confirm the supposition, 
that the bones were drifted into their present position by water, 
especially when we keep in view, that the bones of the different spe- 
cies were found co-extensively distributed 44 even in the inmost 
and smallest recesses.” — ( Rel . DU. 16.) Professor Buckland, in 
endeavouring to establish his hypothesis, that hyaenas dragged in 
the bones in question, considers the rounding of the fragments as 
having been produced by the treading of the animals in the bot- 
tom of their den. His chief argument, however, is derived 
from indentations which are observable on some of the bones, 
and which he refers to the nibbling of the hyaenas while crack- 
ing the bones, in order to extract the marrow. Even admitting 
that these indentations have been produced by the teeth of hyae- 
nas (an opinion not rendered even probable), still we would ad- 
here to the explanation already given, since these markings may 
have been produced by hyaenas on the bones as they lay in the 
original pitfall, to which these depredators may have had ac- 
cess. In reference to the marks or pits on the ulna of a wolf 
and the tibia of a horse, occasioned, in the opinion of the Pro- 
fessor, by the canine teeth of an animal of the size of a weasel, 
he adds, 44 These pits must have been formed before the.bone 
was imbedded in mud in the lowest recesses of the cave, and 
probably whilst it lay exposed in some upper cavity of the rock.” 
Why refuse to adopt a similar explanation of the larger mark- 
ings on the Kirkdale bones P But, if the hyaenas carried in all 
the bones, it may be asked, why did they transport those of such 
small animals, as water-rats, weasels, rabbits, pigeons,' snipes. 
