92 
Psyche 
[Vol. 93 
The species treated here (figures 1-7) can be assigned to the 
Tiphiidae on the basis of the strongly fossorial nature of the legs 
(mid and hind tibiae thick and spiny), combined with the pleisio- 
morphic wing venation; the latter differs distinctly from that of the 
Scoliidae, which do have similar fossorial adaptations. In one case 
(Fig. 2) this indirect evidence is confirmed by the structure of the 
mesosternum, which shows the pair of lamellae that characteristi- 
cally partly cover the midcoxae. 
The fossil species show a habitus and female wing venation typi- 
cal for the Anthoboscinae. Nevertheless, they do not belong to that 
subfamily, mainly because their antennal sockets are overlain with 
tubercles, clearly seen in one case (Fig. 6) and less clear in another 
(Fig. 7). There are additional features distinguishing the fossils from 
Anthoboscinae, viz., flagellum straight or variously bent (Figs. 1, 2, 
4, 6) instead of tightly curled (as in all female Anthoboscinae stu- 
died), femora lacking genual plates (Figs. 1-3, 7) or propodeum 
with longitudinal lines (Figs. 4, 5). 
All Tiphiidae with the antennal sockets partly covered by frontal 
tubercles or ridges belong to the Myzininae and Methochinae. The 
latter subfamily is not involved here, since its members have thin 
tibiae bearing only weak spines. [I follow V. Gorbatovsky (personal 
communication) in treating Pterombrus Smith as a member of the 
subfamily Methochinae]. Therefore, the Myzininae is the only sub- 
family with the characters of the fossils and in particular with those 
of Geotiphia. [Lithotiphia is poorly known but I consider it similar 
enough to the former genus to classify them together and not to 
reject Lithotiphia as a tiphiid incertae sedis ]. Within the Myzininae 
the fossils take an isolated position because of the very primitive, 
male-like wing venation of the females. 
Both of these extinct genera can be identified by the following 
diagnoses. Lithotiphia (Fig. 1): forewing with cu-a cross-vein ante- 
furcal; head capsule with a short oral cavity, distant from occipital 
carina; hind tibiae very strongly swollen. Geotiphia (Figs. 2-7): fore 
wing with cu-a interstitial or postfurcal; oral cavity longer, with 
hypostomae reaching occipital carina; hind tibiae less swollen. The 
latter genus possibly deserves to be divided into two genera, since 
sternbergi and pachysoma, in contrast to other species, show mid 
and/or hind femora with the genual plates, and the propodeum with 
longitudinal lines. The propodeal structure is unknown in any other 
