1986] 
Stuart — Tandem running 
105 
1983). H. canadensis appears to be an unusual obligatory slave 
maker, in that it will also lead tandem runs to food and during nest 
emigrations; behaviours which may be indicative of the relatively 
primitive nature of this species (Stuart and Alloway 1985). 
Thus, Adlerz may have been the first to report tandem running in 
ants; and the tandem run he described apparently involved a Lepto- 
thorax slave leading a Harpagoxenus sublaevis slave maker during a 
nest emigration. 
Acknowledgments 
The author thanks Vivian Sterne for translating the Adlerz arti- 
cle. Financial support was provided by an Ontario Graduate Schol- 
arship to the author and a Natural Sciences and Engineering 
Research Council of Canada grant to T. M. Alloway. 
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