1986] 
Buschinger et al. — Revision of Epimyrma 
257 
Fig. 1. Distribution of Epimyrma kraussei Emery 1915. •: Our collecting sites 
listed in Table 1. No. 5: Type locality of E. vandeli Santschi 1927; no. 19: Type 
locality of E.foreli Menozzi 1921. A and C: Localities of E. vandeli in N’Africa cf. 
Cagniant (1968), B: Locality of E. kraussei cf. Cagniant (1968); D: Type locality of E. 
kraussei in Sardegna. 
whereas the coloration in old queens is usually uniform. This age- 
dependent color variation is also typical for E. ravouxi (Andre 1896) 
(Buschinger 1982). 
Male genitalia, wing venation, and shape of 9$ petioli 
We studied wing venation and genitalia of E.k. $$, and the out- 
lines of the 9 and $ petioli of specimens from Tignale and Biolo 
(Italian Alps), Calpe (Spanish Mediterranean coast), Calabria 
(S’ltaly, E. foreli), and Lauzerte (S’France, E. vandeli). The same 
characters were investigated in E. ravouxi from several distant pop- 
ulations [Taubertal: Bavaria (D), Swiss Valley (CH), S’France, Cor- 
sica (F)], in order to compare their variation within and between the 
species. E.r. is clearly distinct from E.k. (Buschinger & Winter 1983, 
Winter and Buschinger 1983), and thus may serve as a reference 
species. Males preserved in alcohol were dissected, and permanent 
