1986] Gambino — Winter prey of Paravespula 339 
collection behavior of perennial colonies probably does not differ 
substantially from that of annual colonies. 
Summary 
This study suggests that in coastal California natural food resour- 
ces are sufficient to sustain healthy overwintering Paravespula colo- 
nies. The P. vulgaris colony under study took a wide assortment of 
prey, and adjusted its diet according to local abundances of prey 
species. Q. agrifolia, a native tree common in the vicinity of the 
colony, was the source of many of the insects comprising its diet. 
Acknowledgments 
The success of this study resulted from the contributions of many 
co-workers in the Department of Entomological Sciences, Univer- 
sity of California, Berkeley. Vernard Lewis discovered the colony, 
and Tina Sterret provided technical assistance. Howell Daly, John 
Doyen, Jerry Powell, Evert Schlinger, Stuart McKamey, Woodrow 
Middlekauff, and Jim Whitfield assisted in identifying prey. Howell 
Daly, John De Benedictis and Woodrow Middlekauff reviewed the 
manuscript and offered suggestions for its improvement. Financial 
support was furnished in part by the Northern California chapter of 
the ARCS Foundation. 
Literature Cited 
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Broekhuizen, V. S., AND C. Hordijk 
1968. Untersuchungen iiber die Beute von Paravespula vulgaris L. (Hym., 
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