1927] Study of the Male Abdominal Appendages of Apantesis 137 
the pattern of the fore-wings complete, and the hind-wings im- 
maculate (except for black along the costa) and varying from the 
bright pinkish to pale yellow in color. This form is particularly 
mentioned because of its resemblance to both nais and radians . 
The females of three of the four forms are even more similar 
than the males. Nais is distinguished from vittaia by its black 
costal margin, while vittata and radians differ only in the extent 
of the markings of the fore-wing, and grade into each other. 
The female phalerata stands apart with a more complete pattern 
on the fore-wings and a broken border on secondaries. I find, 
moreover, a small but constant difference from the other three 
forms in the female genitalia. 
Life histories of nais and radians have been published by 
Seifert, and of phalerata by Gibson. So far as I have been able 
to discover, no life history of vittata has been published; brief 
descriptions of the adult larva occur in papers by Dyar, and by 
Gibson. A few descriptions of larvae were published by earlier 
writers, but are too generalized to be of much value, for the 
larvae of this group are so similar that descriptions must be 
minute to be of use for comparisons. The larvae are as variable 
as the moths, and in the same brood may vary in the presence 
or absence of a dorsal line or other marking, in their color, and 
in the color of the lateral setae. Gibson could see no difference 
between the larvae of nais and phalerata. Other descriptions, 
however, imply that the larvae of all the forms differ. They are 
probably not yet well enough known to permit definite con- 
clusions in regard to them. 
The similarity of the moths of the nais-group has caused 
some difference of opinion as to whether they are all forms of 
one species or four distinct species. I have found nothing in 
the literature to show that one form has ever been bred from 
another, aside from statements unsupported by evidence, and 
one instance where it appears that mistaken identification has 
caused confusion. On the other hand, reports of observers with 
experience of several broods indicate that the forms breed true. 
Seifert reared a number of broods of nais and experimented with 
temperature effects on the pupae. He also reared radians thru 
two generations, and attempted to mate females by exposing 
