1927 ] 
Control of European Vine-moths 
149 
wooden supports placed beside the stalks, and other similar 
objects. In seeking locations for hibernation the fullgrown 
larvae instinctively select such sheltered and secluded spots, in 
which to spin their cocoons, as will insure complete protection 
against the elements during the long hibernating period. Con- 
sequently the cocoons are to be found in the folds of the bark, 
in crevices, holes, fissures, cracks, etc. The newly formed co- 
coons of Eudemis are clean and snow-white; whereas those of 
Cochylis are invariably covered with dirt, dust and debris of all 
sorts, making them difficult of detection. 
The adult moths emerge late in April or early May, simul- 
taneous with the bursting of the buds, and are present there- 
after until early in the fall. The Cochylis adults are nocturnal 
in habit, while those of Eudemis are more active at dawn and at 
dusk of day. The females, after fertilization, commence laying 
their tiny and solitary eggs in the flowers of the host plant. 
These eggs hatch in from 7 to 30 days. The larvae of the first 
generation attack and destroy the flowers, while those of the 
following generations damage the fruits. The second genera- 
tion adults of Eudemis appear about the third week of June (a 
cycle of 7 weeks) while those of Cochylis do so towards the 
middle of July (a cycle of 9 weeks). Thus it will be seen that 
from early May until cool weather stops their activities (late 
September) all four stages of these insects may be found in the 
field. 
The Experiments 
The aggregate damage caused annually by these insects is 
enormous. The idea was also gathered from entomologists in- 
terviewed that no difficulty would be experienced in locating 
heavy infestations. In view of these facts it was the original 
intention to experiment with Cyanogas calcium cyanide for the 
control of the pests by treating the infested vines without dis- 
turbing or removing the insects from their natural hibernating 
quarters. However, when the actual work was begun the plans 
were changed to suit the work to existing conditions. Bushels of 
bark were peeled off the vines in a number of infested vineyards 
within close proximity of the two laboratories, and all cocoons of 
