THE 
EDINBURGH 
PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL, 
EXHIBITING- A VIEW OF 
THE PROGRESS OF DISCOVERY IN NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, 
CHEMISTRY, NATURAL HISTORY, COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, 
PRACTICAL MECHANICS, GEOGRAPHY, NAVIGATION, 
STATISTICS, AND THE FINE AND USEFUL ARTS, 
APRIL 1. to OCTOBER 1. 1825. 
CONDUCTED BY 
ROBERT JAMESON, 
REGIUS PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY, LECTURER ON MINERALOGY, AND 
KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH ; 
Fellow of the Royal, Antiquarian, and Wernerian Societies of Edinburgh ; 
Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy, and of the Royal Dublin 
Society ; Fellow of the Linnean and Geological Societies of London ; of 
the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, and of the Cambridge Philo- 
sophical Society ; of the York, Bristol, Cambrian, and Cork Institutions ; 
of the Royal Society of Sciences of Denmark ; of the Royal Academy of 
Sciences of Berlin ; of the Royal Academy of Naples ; of the Imperial 
Natural History Society of Moscow ; of the Imperial Pharmaceutical So- 
ciety of Petersburg!! ; the Natural History Society of Wetterau; of the 
Mineralogical Society of Jena; of the Royal Mineralogical Society of 
Dresden ; of the Natural History Society of Paris ; of the Philomathic So- 
ciety of Paris ; of the Natural History Society of Calvados ; of the Senken- 
berg Society of Natural History; Honorary Member of the Literary and 
Philosophical Society of New York ; of the New York Historical Society; 
of the American Antiquarian Society ; of the Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia ; of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, $c. 
TO BE CONTINUED QUARTERLY . 
VOL. XIII. 
EDINBURGH : 
PRINTED FOR ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO. EDINBURGH; 
AND HORST, ROBINSON & CO. LONDON. 
1825. 
