196 
Psyche 
[Sept. 
have been a flourishing fauna at some earlier geological 
period. This is strongly suggested by the relatively rich 
fossil fauna. One set of Miocene strata in one locality 
has now yielded five species, belonging to at least three 
genera, one of the latter no longer found in the New 
World. The fact that only one fossil species is known 
outside North America makes this even more remarkable. 
Beqnaert and Carpenter (1936) have commented upon 
the astonishing similarity between the Miocene and Re- 
cent Nemestrinidae. The evolution of the family seems 
to have been at a standstill since mid-Tertiary times, 
which also points to the great antiquity of the group. 
RECENT SPECIES 
Family Nemestrinim] 
Nemestrinidae Macquart, 1834, Hist. Nat. Ins. Dipt., I, p. 
370. 
Fallenina Rondani, 1856, Dipt. Italicae Prodr., I, p. 33 and 
161. 
Nemestrinidii Bigot, 1856, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (3) IV, 
pp. 63 and 85. 
Nemestrinites Walker, 1857, Trans. Ent. Soc. London 
(N. S.) IV, pt. 5, p. 133. 
Hirmoneuridae H. Loew, 1860, Abh. Naturw. Ver. Halle, 
II, pt. 2, pp. ix and 317 (Dipteren-Fauna Shdafrikas, I, 
pp. ix and 245). 
Nemistrinidae Williston, 1883, Canad. Entom., XV, p. 69. 
Subfamily Hirmoneurin^: 
Hirmoneurina H. Loew, 1860, Abh. Naturw. Ver. Halle, II, 
pt. 2, p. ix (Dipteren-Fauna Siidafrikas, I, p. ix). 
Hirmononeurina H. Loew, 1860, Abh. Naturw. Ver. Halle, 
II, pt. 2, p. 318 (Dipteren-Fauna Shdafrikas, I, p. 246). 
Hirmoneurinae Bequaert, 1930, Psyche, XXXVII, p. 295. 
Hirmoneura Meigen 
Hirmoneura Meigen, 1820, Syst. Beschr. Europ. Zweifl. 
